末次间冰期以来平榛物种复合体生态分化及历史分布变迁  

Ecological differentiation and changes in historical distribution of Corylus heterophylla species complex since the last interglacial

作　　者：何馨 马文旭 赵天田[1,2,3] 杨小红 马庆华 梁丽松[1,2,3] 王贵禧 杨振[1,2,3] He Xin;Ma Wenxu;Zhao Tiantian;Yang Xiaohong;Ma Qinghua;Liang Lisong;Wang Guixi;Yang Zhen(Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China;National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut,Beijing 100091,China;Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091,China;Walnut Research Institute of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550005,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091 [2]榛子产业国家创新联盟,北京100091 [3]国家林业草原局榛子工程技术研究中心,北京100091 [4]贵州省核桃研究所,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2023年第4期11-23,共13页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32101541)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨末次间冰期以来平榛物种复合体(平榛、川榛、滇榛)的历史分布变迁,了解其地理分布对环境演变的响应机制,旨在为厘清3个物种的进化关系提供借鉴意义,也为资源保护和开发提供科学依据。【方法】基于平榛物种复合体3个近缘种的分布数据及相应的筛选后的环境变量,利用MaxEnt模型及ArcGIS软件对平榛物种复合体在末次间冰期、末次盛冰期、全新世中期和现代的潜在分布区进行模拟,以探究其历史分布变迁,并划分适生区等级;将3个近缘种在不同时期的分布区域进行叠加,推测其避难所,并采用榛孢粉数据进行验证;最后,利用主成分分析法探究3个近缘种的生态位分化情况,并对主要环境影响因子进行综合评价。【结果】从整体来看,平榛和川榛的前2位主要环境因子贡献度相差不大,且滇榛前2位主要环境因子均与水分有关,相对于温度,水分对3种树种的分布有着更重要的影响。从适生区面积来看,平榛的适生区面积在冰期呈收缩趋势,进入全新世中期后面积又有所扩张,川榛和滇榛的适生区面积却与之相反;适生区区域重叠后得到的3个近缘种的避难所与孢粉信息较吻合。【结论】本研究较为准确地模拟了平榛物种复合体在4个时期的适生区分布变迁,探究了其生态位分化情况,并推测了其生物避难所,可为未来气候变化背景下中国境内榛资源保护和管理开发提供一定的科学依据。[Objective]This paper aims to discuss the historical distribution changes of Corylus heterophylla complex(Corylus heterophylla,Corylus kweichowensis,Corylus yunnanensis)since the last interglacial,and understand the response mechanism of its geographical distribution to environmental evolution,so as to provide reference for clarifying the evolutionary relationship of three species,and also provide scientific basis for resource protection and development.[Method]Based on the distribution data of the three species of C.heterophylla complex and the corresponding environmental variables,MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software were used to simulate their potential distribution in the last interglacial,last glacial maximum,mid-Holocene and modern times to explore its historical distribution changes;then,the distribution areas of three related species in different periods were superimposed to speculate their ice age refuge,which was verified by hazel pollen data.Finally,the niche differentiation among the three related species was detected by principal component analysis,and the main environmental impact factors were comprehensively evaluated.[Result]On the whole,the contribution of the first two environmental factors affecting the distribution of C.heterophylla and C.kweichowensis was similar,while the first two main environmental factors of C.yunnanensis were related to water.Compared with temperature,water had a more important impact on the distribution of the three tree species.In terms of the suitable areas,C.heterophylla of northern China experienced glacial contraction and interglacial expansion during the quaternary,whereas C.kweichowensis and C.yunnanensis of southern China presented population expansion even during the last glacial maximum.The refuges of the three related species obtained after overlapping of the suitable areas were in good agreement with the palynological results.[Conclusion]This study accurately simulates the distribution changes of C.heterophylla complex in four historical periods,explores its eco

关 键 词：平榛物种复合体 MAXENT 气候变量 生态分化 生物避难所 

分 类 号：S717[农业科学—林学] S664.4