谁是乡村振兴的主体?——基于农民视角的考察  

Who Are the Protagonists in Rural Revitalization:Farmers Perspectives

作　　者：刘娟[1] 王惠 LIU Juan;WANG Hui

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学人文与发展学院

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期147-161,共15页Journal of China Agricultural University;Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“从脱贫攻坚到乡村振兴的有效衔接与转型研究”(20&ZD163)。

摘　　要：学术研究、政策话语、基层干部均强调农民在乡村振兴中的主体地位,但在关于“谁是乡村振兴的主体”的讨论中,鲜有农民的声音。本文尝试将这一问题分解为“谁的乡村振兴”和“谁来振兴乡村”,从“受益主体”和“行动主体”两个维度剖析农民对乡村振兴主体角色的认知。分析发现,农民对受益主体的理解是综合其角色认知和现实感知的结果,农民认为他们自身在乡村振兴中并非确定的受益主体,也并非当然的核心行动主体,而更多认为自己是乡村振兴行动中的配角。本文认为,乡村留居人口结构与可行能力、相关政策和项目的执行偏差以及农民对其主体角色的解构等共同形塑了农民对乡村振兴主体角色的认知,造成在乡村振兴行动层面农民主体性不足的现实。因此,从农民视角出发,充分保障农民的主体利益,培育和激发农民主体意识,构建多元主体协同参与的格局是乡村振兴的核心命题。The principal role of farmers in rural revitalization has been significantly emphasized in research reports,policy documents and by local cadres.However,in the discussion on“Who Are the Protagonists in Rural Revitalization”,farmers voices were hardly heard.This paper attempts to decompose this issue into“Whose Rural Revitalization”and“Who Are Supposed to Revitalize Rural China”,trying to understand farmers perceptions on the beneficiary roles and participation/action roles in rural revitalization.It reveals that farmers understanding on the beneficiary roles is a hybrid perception from their role identification and their sense of real gains.Farmers do not think that they themselves are the definite beneficiary targets in rural revitalization,nor are they certainly the core contributors and leading actors for rural revitalization,but they view themselves as minor characters to just support the rural revitalization actions.This paper argues that the demographic structure and capacity of the rural residents,the deviations in the implementation of policies and projects,and farmers deconstructive understanding of their roles have jointly shaped their answers to“Who Are the Protagonists in Rural Revitalization”,resulting in their insufficient motivation in rural revitalization actions.Therefore,it is core to take farmers perspectives,protect the interests and benefits of farmers,cultivate and stimulate farmers consciousness of their protagonist role,as well as to create synergies among multi-stakeholders to participate in rural revitalization.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 受益主体 行动主体 配角 农民视角 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学] F323[政治法律—国际共产主义运动]