高效降解厨余垃圾复合菌剂的构建及应用  

Construction and Application of a Compound Microbial Agent for Efficient Degradation of Kitchen Waste

作　　者：樊玲嘉 彭鑫 陈硕夫 李慧 刘艳 张嘉超[1] 张立华 黄红丽 FAN Ling-jia;PENG Xin;CHEN Shuo-fu;LI Hui;LIU Yan;ZHANG Jia-chao;ZHANG Li-hua;HUANG Hong-li(College of Environment and Ecology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,PRC;Hunan Modern Environment Technology Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410008,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学环境与生态学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南现代环境科技股份有限公司,湖南长沙410008

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2023年第3期61-66,共6页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目(2022SK2087)。

摘　　要：选取10种微生物菌株,分析其产淀粉酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶的能力,根据厨余垃圾中有机质成分及酶活功能信息构建一种高效降解厨余垃圾复合菌剂,并进行厨余垃圾堆肥的应用研究。结果表明:酿酒酵母产淀粉酶的能力最高,地衣芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶的能力最高,米曲霉产纤维素酶的能力最高,枯草芽孢杆菌产脂肪酶能力最高。拮抗性试验发现只有短芽孢杆菌属与地衣芽孢杆菌存在拮抗性关系。分别选取5株高酶活微生物构建4组复合菌剂,酶活测定结果表明,由盐居固氮菌(Azotobacter salinestris)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)和米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)组配的F2微生物复合菌剂的产酶能力较好,其中淀粉酶为25.0 U/mL,蛋白酶为0.13 U/mL,纤维素酶为1244 U/mL,脂肪酶为4.09 U/mL。堆肥结果表明:添加复合菌剂F2组最高温达到67℃,高温期持续14 d,C/N为18.31,pH值为9.08,种子发芽指数为103.17%,相较于CK组堆肥效果更好,可使堆肥高温期延长4 d,堆肥提前6 d达到完全腐熟。According to organic matter components,and microbial enzyme activities and functions of kitchen waste,10 microbial strains were selected and their abilities of producing amylase,protease,cellulase and lipase were analyzed so as to construct a compound microbial agent for kitchen waste efficient degradation.Then the constructed compound microbial agent was applied in the kitchen waste composting experiment.The results showed that the following strains had the strongest capacity to produce a specific enzyme:Saccharomyces cerevisiae for amylase,Bacillus licheniformis for protease,Aspergillus oryzae for cellulase,and Bacillus subtilis for lipase.Antagonistic test found that antagonistic relationship was only presented between Brevibacillus and Bacillus licheniformis.Eventually,five kinds of strains with high enzyme activity were selected to construct four groups of compound microbial agents.The results of enzyme activity test showed that the F2 compound microbial agent composed of Azotobacter salinestris,Trichoderma viride,Bacillus licheniformis,Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus oryzae had good enzyme production ability,of which the amylase activity was 25.0 U/mL,protease 0.13 U/mL,cellulase 1244 U/mL and lipase 4.09 U/mL.Results of the composting experiment showed that in F2 group the maximum temperature reached 67℃,the high temperature period lasted for 14 days,the C/N was 18.31,the pH was 9.08,and the seed germination rate was 103.17%;compared with CK group,F2 group had better composting effect,in which the high temperature period was extended by 4 days,and the compost reached complete maturation 6 days in advance.

关 键 词：厨余垃圾 微生物菌剂 筛选 堆肥 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]