窄间隙激光焊研究现状及发展趋势  

Research status and development trend of narrow gap laser welding

作　　者：骆传万 冯杰才 沈裕航 刘树磊 姜梦[2] 魏连峰[3] Luo Chuanwan;Feng Jiecai;Shen Yuhang;Liu Shulei;Jiang Meng;Wei Lianfeng(Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,Heilongjiang,China;Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory,Nuclear Power Institute of China,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]上海大学,上海200444 [2]哈尔滨工业大学,先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150001 [3]中国核动力研究设计院,反应堆燃料与材料重点实验室,四川成都610041

出　　处：《机械制造文摘（焊接分册）》2023年第2期10-18,共9页Welding Digest of Machinery Manufacturing

基　　金：先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室开放课题研究基金资助(AWJ-22M02)。

摘　　要：针对钛合金、镍基高温合金、高强钢、不锈钢及铝合金等材料的窄间隙激光焊进行了介绍。在窄间隙激光焊焊接过程中,焊接工艺参数(如激光功率、焊接速度及送丝速度等)会影响焊缝的微观组织和力学性能,坡口尺寸影响焊缝侧壁熔合性;若焊接过程控制不当,常规的窄间隙激光焊仍有可能出现焊缝侧壁未熔合、气孔等问题。激光-电弧复合焊、激光热丝焊、超窄间隙激光焊、摆动激光焊、真空激光焊和电磁辅助激光焊等新方法应运而生,解决了窄间隙激光焊中存在的焊接缺陷,同时进一步拓宽了窄间隙激光焊的应用领域。在焊接前对熔池流动行为、匙孔稳定性、温度场等进行模拟和分析,不仅可以揭示激光焊接复杂的物理过程及连接机理,还可用来优化焊接工艺,得到材料的有效连接。Narrow gap laser welding of titanium alloy,nickel base superalloy,high strength steel,stainless steel and aluminum alloy was introduced.In the process of narrow gap laser welding,welding parameters such as laser power,welding speed and wire feeding speed,would affect microstructure and mechanical properties of weld,and groove size would affect side wall fusion of weld.If the welding process was not properly controlled,the conventional narrow gap laser welding might still cause problems such as side wall incomplete fusion of weld wall and porosity.New methods such as laser-arc hybrid welding,laser hot wire welding,ultra-narrow gap laser welding,swing laser welding,vacuum laser welding and electromagnetic assisted laser welding emerged at the right moment,which solved welding defects in narrow gap laser welding,and further broadened application field of narrow gap laser welding.Simulating and analyzing flow behavior of molten pool,keyhole stability and temperature field before welding could not only reveal complex physical processes and connection mechanisms of laser welding,but also be used to optimize welding process and obtain effective material connections.

关 键 词：窄间隙焊接 激光焊 工艺 组织 力学性能 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]