珍稀濒危植物蒜头果无融合生殖特性初步研究  

A Preliminary Study on the Apomixis in Malania oleifera

作　　者：卯吉华 贾代顺 卯梅华 李勇鹏 景跃波 陈海云 李荣波 MAO Ji-hua;JIA Dai-shun;MAO Mei-hua;LI Yong-peng;JING Yue-bo;CHEN Hai-yun;LI Rong-bo(Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland,Kunming Yunnan 650201,P.R.China;Forestry Vocational Technical School of Yunnan Province,Kunming Yunnan 650224,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]云南省林业和草原科学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省林业高级技工学校,云南昆明650224

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2023年第2期1-7,共7页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960309);蒜头果种苗繁育及种植技术示范项目;菌根真菌在特色经济植物栽培与植被恢复中的应用基础研究项目(K202222025);云南省林业和草原科学院学科团队建设项目(LKYTD-2018-6)。

摘　　要：以云南5个居群的蒜头果种子为试验材料,通过开展种子萌发试验,观测统计种子发芽率及多胚苗的发生率,采用流式细胞检测方法分析蒜头果无融合生殖方式,对蒜头果多胚现象的发生发育特点及生殖特性进行研究。结果显示:(1)不同居群蒜头果种子发芽率有一定差异,为80.45%~91.23%,其中最高的是广南县旧莫乡,最低的是富宁县谷拉乡。(2)蒜头果多胚现象以双胚苗为主,三胚苗发生率较低,不同居群种子多胚苗发生率有较大差异,其中,双胚苗发生率最高的是广南县莲城镇,达2.09%,富宁县谷拉乡最低,仅为0.59%;三胚苗发生率最高的是广南县旧莫乡,为0.23%,最低的是富宁县谷拉乡,为0.14%。(3)对蒜头果多胚苗、母本及种子进行细胞核倍性检测发现,多胚苗倍性与母本保持一致,均为二倍体(2n),说明多胚苗不是由卵细胞发育而来;种子细胞核中检测出3个峰,3个峰相对倍性比例为2.02︰3.08︰4.04,接近2C︰3C︰4C。基于以上研究结果,首次发展并证实了蒜头果存在无融合生殖特性。该研究丰富了对蒜头果生物学特性的认识,为蒜头果这一重要经济植物优异品种的培育提供了新的思路和途径。The seeds of Malania oleifera from five populations at Wenshan prefecture of Yunnan province in China were used to study the rates of seed germination and the occurrence of poly-embry seedlings.The apomictic characteristics of M.oleifera was identified and analyzed by flow cytometry.The results showed that seed germination rates of M.oleifera varied with the studied growing sites,ranged from 80.45%to 91.23%,the germination rates of seeds collected from Jiumo of Guangnan county was the highest while those from Gula of Funing county was the lowest.The dominant polyembryony of M.oleifera was twin-embryo,and the occurrence rate of triplet seedlings was relatively low.The occurrence rates of polyembryonic seedling varied with seed collecting sites.The seeds from Liancheng of Guangnan county showed the highest rates of twin-embryo seedlings(2.09%),whereas those from Gula of Funing county was the lowest(0.59%).As far as the occurrence rates of triplet seedlings,the highest and the lowest were Jiumo of Guangnan county(0.23%)and Gula of Funing county(0.14%),respectively.Through ploidy detection,it was found that polyembryonic seedlings were diploid,with ploidy same to the female parent,indicated that the polyembryonic seedling were not developed from the egg cell.Three peaks of seed nucleic DNA were detected,with the relative ploidy ratio of 2.02︰3.08︰4.04,was approximately equal to 2C︰3C︰4C.These results taken together verified the apomixis characteristics of M.oleifera.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first discovery of apomixis in M.oleifera.This study enriches the recognition of biological characteristics of M.oleifera,and provides new thoughts and approaches for the breeding of this highly valued tree species.

关 键 词：蒜头果 多胚现象 流式细胞技术 无融合生殖 

分 类 号：S792.99[农业科学—林木遗传育种]