“负责任外空行为”议程与太空安全机制新动向  

“Reducing Space Threats Through Norms,Rules and Principles of Responsible Behaviors” and New Trends in International Regimes of Space Security

作　　者：俞润泽 江天骄 YU Runze;JIANG Tianjiao(School of International Relations&Public Affairs,Fudan University,Shanghai,200433;Development Institute,Fudan University,Shanghai,200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院,上海200433 [2]复旦大学发展研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《国际安全研究》2023年第3期133-156,160,共25页Journal of International Security Studies

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“美国科技发展变局及对华科技竞争研究”(项目编号:22JJD810006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近年来,太空安全环境发生急剧变化,各国太空军事化步伐加速,商业航天崛起,太空拥挤加剧,太空军民融合加深。在此背景下,英国于2020年发起一项名为“负责任外空行为”的太空军控新议程。该议程推出后,美国积极参与并试图将之导向一项自愿承诺禁止地基动能反卫星试验的国际协议,这意味着其太空军控立场的重大转向。美国意图借“负责任外空行为”议程干扰对手发展不对称反卫星手段、强化太空同盟、划定太空威慑“红线”、策应太空环境议题。“负责任外空行为”已成为太空安全机制领域最有影响力的议程,不仅因为其引发了大国间政治矛盾,还因其体现了太空安全机制的发展动向。在新的太空安全环境下,太空军事安全和民事安全的国际机制正交叉融合发展,各机制的议程模式将更加开放、参与者更加多样、控制行为的路径更加主流。In recent years,the space security environment has been undergoing drastic changes with the accelerated pace of space militarization,the rise of the commercial aerospace industry,the increased space congestion,and the deepening of militarycivilian integration in outer space.Against this backdrop,in 2020,the United Kingdom launched a new space arms control agenda called “Reducing Space Threats Through Norms,Rules and Principles of Responsible Behaviors”,towards which the United States assumed a positive stance by trying to steer it towards an international agreement on the self-commitment to prohibiting earth-based kinetic anti-satellite testing,thus marking a significant shift in its arms control position.It is evident that the United States intends to exploit the agenda to achieve its own goals,namely interfering with its adversaries' development of their asymmetric anti-satellite weapons,forging its space alliances,drawing “red lines” for space deterrence,and enhancing its argument about space debris.Now,the new agenda has produced significant influence on space security regimes in that it has not only given rise to political confrontations among major countries but also reflected the new trends in the development of international space regimes.In the new space security environment,international regimes for military and civilian security in space are witnessing an integrated development,and the regimes will have more open agenda models,more participants and more mainstream paths for controlling behaviors.

关 键 词：负责任外空行为 国际机制 军备控制 地基动能反卫星 太空碎片 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系] V11[政治法律—政治学]