交替滴灌配施硝化抑制剂对夏玉米土壤氨挥发和土壤酶活性的影响  

Effect of Alternative Drip Irrigation and Nitrification Inhibitors on Ammonia Volatilization and Soil Enzymatic Activity in a Summer Maize Field

作　　者：杨乐 曹辉 付媛媛 张莹莹[1] 高阳[1] 刘战东[1] YANG Le;CAO Hui;FU Yuanyuan;ZHANG Yingying;GAO Yang;LIU Zhandong(Institute of Filed Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453002,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100082,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100082

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第4期38-44,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-02);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(ASTIP)。

摘　　要：【目的】寻求灌水方式和施加硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸(DMPP)对施肥后夏玉米田土壤氨挥发影响和土壤氮素转化过程的关键驱动因子。【方法】采用通气法,设置常规浅埋滴灌施加DMPP(DI+DMPP)、浅埋交替滴灌施加DMPP(ADI+DMPP)、常规浅埋滴灌不施加DMPP(DI+NO)、浅埋交替滴灌不施加DMPP(ADI+NO)共4个处理,研究灌水方式与添加硝化抑制剂对玉米生育期内氨挥发速率、氨挥发累积量和土壤酶活性的影响。【结果】(1)在玉米不同生育阶段,灌水方式和施加DMPP对氨挥发速率的影响不同,其中,施加DMPP可显著提高拔节期、抽雄期、灌浆期的土壤氨挥发速率;交替滴灌只对大喇叭口期的土壤氨挥发速率有显著降低作用。(2)交替滴灌较常规滴灌显著降低了12.70%~45.45%的氨挥发累积量,然而,施加DMPP处理对玉米土壤氨挥发累积量有显著促进作用。【结论】交替滴灌灌水而不施加硝化抑制剂DMPP的组合处理(ADI+NO)在氨挥发减排方面效果最优。【Objective】Nitrification inhibitors have been increasingly used over the last decades to reduce nitrogen loss from soil.The objective of this paper is to investigate the combined influence of irrigation and nitrification inhibitors on ammonia volatilization and enzymatic activity in soil.【Objective】The experiment was conducted in a summer maize field using 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP)as the nitrification inhibitor.There were four treatments:conventional subsurface drip irrigation with(DI+DMPP)and without(DI+NO)applying DMPP,alternate subsurface drip irrigation with(ADI+DMPP)and without(ADI+NO)applying DMPP.In each treatment,we measured the ammonia volatilization rate at different growing stages,accumulation of ammonia volatilization over the whole growth season,as well as enzymatic activities in the soil.【Result】Irrigation method and DMPP both affected NH3 volatilization,but the effect varied with growing stage.Applying DMPP increased ammonia volatilization rate significantly at jointing stage,heading stage,and filling stage,regardless of the irrigation method.It was found that the alternate drip irrigation reduced ammonia volatilization rate significantly but only at the booting stage.Compared to DI treatments,ADI treatments reduced ammonia volatilization accumulation by 12.70%~45.45%,but applying DMPP increased ammonia volatilization from both irrigation treatments significantly.At the heading stage,ADI treatments improved the activities of catalase,alkaline phosphatase and FDA hydrolase in the root zone,but had no significant effect on urease activity.Applying DMPP did not show a noticeable effect on enzymatic activity in the root zone.【Conclusion】Alternate surface drip irrigation without applying nitrification inhibitors can effectively reduce ammonia volatilization and nitrogen loss.It can be used as an improved agronomic method for sustainable production of maize in the studied area.

关 键 词：玉米 交替滴灌 硝化抑制剂 氨挥发 

分 类 号：S274[农业科学—农业水土工程] S145[农业科学—农业工程]