松嫩平原土地盐碱化时空动态变化及影响因素分析  

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Soil Salinity and Its Determinants in Songnen Plain

作　　者：王露露 王天亮[3] 高斌 贺怀震 丁晓雯 侯保灯[2] WANG Lulu;WANG Tianliang;GAO Bin;HE Huaizhen;DING Xiaowen;HOU Baodeng(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Heilongjiang Water Conservancy Design Institute,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学环境科学与工程学院,北京102206 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [3]黑龙江省水利水电勘测设计研究院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2023年第4期108-115,共8页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(XDA28020501);黑龙江省松嫩平原水利综合规划专题研究项目(SJY-TRDC-2021)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究黑龙江省松嫩平原土地盐碱化时空动态变化及其影响因素。【方法】利用遥感数据解译、土壤反射率反演、相关分析和相对贡献率分析研究松嫩平原土地盐碱化面积的时空演化特征并识别土地盐碱化面积变化的主要影响因素。【结果】松嫩平原2000—2020年土地盐碱化面积总体呈下降趋势,下降速率为-13.67 km^(2)/5 a。随着农作物播种面积与GDP的增加,齐齐哈尔市土地盐碱化程度加剧;GDP、农作物播种面积和人口数量增多加剧了绥化市盐碱化程度;哈尔滨市土地盐碱化正逐步改善,主要影响因素为GDP、农作物播种面积和牲畜数量。【结论】松嫩平原土地盐碱化面积变化主要促进因素为社会经济发展、农牧业发展,直接影响因素为气候变化,在盐碱地改良与治理过程中,应针对以上因素提出有针对性的治理措施,减少盐碱化土地面积,提高土地利用效率;同时地下水埋深呈缓慢上升趋势,因此应建立完备的灌溉和排水设施,以避免土壤次生盐碱化。【Objective】Soil salinization is a dynamic process,affected by numerous factors.Understanding its spatiotemporal variation in a region and catchment is important for management.In this paper,we present the soil salinity dynamics and its determinants in Songnen Plain of Heilongjiang province.【Method】The calculation was based on remote sensing imagery of the region acquired from 2000—2020.We used correlation analysis and relative contribution rate analysis to map the spatiotemporal distribution of soil salinity in this region.【Result】On average,areas affected by salt in the region had decreased from 2000 to 2020,at a rate of 2.73 km^(2)/a.But this is mainly due to the reduced soil salinization in some regions,as other regions actually had seen an increase in soil salinization.In particular,soil salinization in Qiqihar had increased because of the increase in cropped lands and GDP.Suihua also saw soil salinity rising due to increased plant areas and population.In contrast,soil salinity in Daqing and Harbin had decreased,due to the increase in surface water resources and decrease in evaporation for Daqing,and the change in cropped land and livestock industry for Harbin.【Conclusion】Change in soil salinization from 2000 to 2020 in Songnen Plain varied,with some areas seeing an increase and others witnessing a decline.In addition to climate change,other reasons underlying such variations in soil salinization include economic development,change in cropping systems and livestock industry.To ameliorate soil salinization and improve land quality,this region should consider improving irrigation and drainage facilities and controlling the groundwater depth not exceeding a critical level.

关 键 词：土地盐碱化 时空变化 遥感解译 松嫩平原 影响因素 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]