宪法的“根本法”说之辩立——驳“母法”说  

Debate on the “Fundamental Law”of the Constitution:Refuting the Theory of“Mother Law”Status of the Constitution

作　　者：夏正林[1] XIA Zheng-lin(Law School,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院,广州510006

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2023年第2期57-68,共12页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届六中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目“完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系研究”(22ZDA073)。

摘　　要：学界通说认为宪法是“母法”,普通法律是“子法”,这种说法没有足够的理论依据,是对作为根本法的宪法性质的误读,是造成实践中宪法效力虚置的认识上的根源。宪法是国家的根本法,是治国安邦的总章程,治国理政的总章程,具有最高的法律效力,其基本功能是控制权力,尤其是对立法权的控制。而“母法说”恰恰使宪法效力的实现依赖于立法权。宪法与普通法律并非是源和流的关系,用“母”和“子”的关系描述两者的关系不恰当。在完善以宪法为核心的中国特色社会主义法律体系中应当加强对立法的合宪性审查。It is generally believed that the Constitution is the“mother law”and the ordinary laws are the“sub-law”.This argument does not have a sufficient theoretical basis,and is a misinterpretation of the nature of the Constitution as the fundamental law,which is the root cause of the misunderstanding of the validity of the Constitution in practice.With the highest legal effect,the Constitution is the fundamental law of the state and the general statute of governance.Its basic function is to control power,especially legislative power.But the“mother law theory”makes the realization of constitutional validity depend on legislative power.The Constitution and ordinary law do not have a relationship of source and branch,and it is inappropriate to describe their relationship as“mother”and“child”.The constitutional review of legislation should be strengthened in the process of establishing the socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics,with the Constitution as the core.

关 键 词：宪法 母法 根本法 高级法 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]