电弧作用下触头烧蚀特性的仿真研究  

Simulation Study on Contact Ablation Characteristics Under Electric Arc Action

作　　者：刘凌智 郭晓雪 LIU Lingzhi;GUO Xiaoxue(School of Electronic Information,Xi'an Polytechnic University,Xi'an 710600,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学电子信息学院,陕西西安710600

出　　处：《电工技术》2023年第5期1-4,9,共5页Electric Engineering

摘　　要：开断电弧对断路器触头的烧蚀会影响其使用寿命和可靠性。针对空气电弧作用下的断路器触头烧蚀行为进行了仿真研究。将电弧等效为正态分布的热源,基于传热学和流体学,分析了触头材料的温度变化过程和相变过程;此外,研究了熔池受力对熔池流动及温度的影响;最后,考虑触头材料的蒸发,模拟了触头表面的形貌及温度变化。仿真结果表明:触头温度由表面向内以半圆弧的形式扩散,熔池会先逐渐增大,在电弧作用消失一段时间后才逐渐减小;表面张力对熔池区域内的流动起主导作用,电磁力和浮力依次;考虑触头材料的蒸发时,触头表面会形成烧蚀凹坑,凹坑处的温度最高,凹坑随燃弧时间持续增大。The ablation of the opening and shutting arc on the circuit breaker contacts affects its electrical life and reliability.In this paper,the ablation behavior of circuit breaker contacts under the action of air arc was simulated.The arc was equivalent to a heat source with normal distribution.Based on heat transfer and fluidics,the temperature change process and phase change process of the contact material were analyzed.In addition,the influence of molten pool force on the flow and temperature of the molten pool was studied.Finally,considering the evaporation of the contact material,the morphology and temperature changes of the contact surface were simulated.The simulation results showed that the contact temperature diffused inward from the surface to the inward in the form of a semi-circular arc,and the molten pool would gradually increase first,and then gradually decreased after the arc action disappears for a period of time.The surface tension dominated the flow in the molten pool area,and the electromagnetic force and buoyancy force were in turn.When considering the evaporation of the contact material,an ablative pit was formed on the contact surface,the temperature at the pit was the highest,and the pit continues to increase with the arc time.

关 键 词：空气电弧 触头 烧蚀 熔池 相变 断路器 

分 类 号：TM501.3[电气工程—电器]