从“乡政村治”到“乡村共治”:村治转型中行政与自治关系重塑  

From"Township Government and Village Self-governance"to"Rural Cogovernance":The Reshaping of the Relationship between Administration and Selfgovernance in the Transformation of Village Governance

作　　者：张云生 ZHANG Yunsheng(School of Political Science and Law,Northeast Normal University,Changchun,Jilin 130022,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学政法学院,吉林长春130022

出　　处：《地方治理研究》2023年第2期40-51,M0003,共13页Local Governance Research

摘　　要：“行政”与“自治”是村级治理中的一对基本关系,也是村级治理系统的重要组成部分。“乡政村治”和“乡村共治”是村级治理的两种不同形态“。乡政村治”强调行政与自治的二元分治,“乡村共治”则注重行政与自治的共在共生。随着国家“三农”政策的不断优化与乡村振兴的全面推进,以行政目标、行政主体、行政资源和行政规则为基本面向的国家行政权不断向乡村社会延伸,传统的“乡政村治”治理格局趋于瓦解。着眼于乡村治理现代化与乡村治理有效双重目标,村级治理逐步向“乡村共治”转型。一方面,村级治理现代化需要国家行政权的适当介入;另一方面,村级治理有效也离不开村民自治基础作用的发挥。从“乡政村治”到“乡村共治”,体现了行政与自治关系的重塑。在此过程中,需要发挥党组织的跨主体治理优势与整合能力,通过中心工作、组织动员、资源整合以及规则协同等促使行政与自治共在共生。The relationship between"administration"and"self-governance"is fundamental in villagelevel governance,and also an important part of village-level governance system."Township government and village self-governance"and"rural co-governance"are two different forms of village governance.The former emphasizes the dichotomy of administration and self-governance,while the latter focuses on the coexistence of the two.With the continuous optimization of policies of agriculture,rural areas and farmers and advancing rural revitalization across the board,the administrative power composed of administrative objectives,administrative subjects,administrative resources and administrative rules has been extended to rural society,and the traditional"township government and village self-governance"pattern tends to collapse.Focusing on the dual goals of modernization of rural governance and effective rural governance,village-level governance has gradually transformed into"rural co-governance".On the one hand,the modernization of village-level governance needs the proper intervention of the state administrative power;on the other hand,effective village-level governance can not be separated from the role of villagers'self-governance.The transformation from"township government and village self-governance"to"rural co-governance"reflects the reshaping of the relationship between administration and self-governance.In this process,it is necessary to give play to the cross-subject governance advantages and integration capabilities of the Party organizations,and promote the coexistence of administration and self-governance through central work,organizational mobilization,resource integration,and rule coordination.

关 键 词：乡村治理 村级治理 乡政村治 乡村共治 基层治理 国家行政权 村民自治 治理转型 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]