基于源分离收集-分质净化-资源化利用的农村生活污水处理新模式  

New Mode for Rural Domestic Wastewater Treatment Based on Source-Separation-Collection,Separate Purification and Resource Utilization

作　　者：徐子斌 XU Zibin(Shanghai Investigation,Design&Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200335,China;Yangtze Eco-Environment Engineering Research Center,China Three Gorges Corporation,Shanghai 200335,China)

机构地区：[1]上海勘测设计研究院有限公司,上海200335 [2]中国长江三峡集团有限公司,长江生态环境工程研究中心<上海>,上海200335

出　　处：《净水技术》2023年第4期4-13,51,共11页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目:长江中游地区村镇污水处理模式研究(202003082);无为县农村污水治理扶贫试点项目农村污水处理技术跟踪评估。

摘　　要：针对目前农村生活污水处理存在的未因地制宜、资源化利用不足等问题,同时农村黑水与灰水水质差异巨大,黑水的化学需氧量、总氮、总磷的平均值分别是灰水的3.8、5.0、8.1倍左右,文章提出一种基于源分离收集-分质净化-资源化利用的农村生活污水处理新模式。农村生活污水通过厨房、浴室排水管道与厕所排水管道的分离来实现黑水、灰水的源分离收集,黑水通过化粪池或沼气池净化处理,灰水通过生物、生态和生物与生态组合等技术净化处理,最终结合水资源状况、水环境禀赋、用水需求和经济发展水平等因素进行资源化利用。新模式具有因地制宜、绿色低碳、环保、可创造收益等优势,然而存在工程实施案例少、部分标准和规范缺乏、源分离管道易错接、适用范围有限等问题,有待进一步解决。Current rural domestic wastewater treatment suffers from poor adaptation to local conditions and low resource utilization ratio,and black water and grey water differ in water quality.In particular,the average value of chemical oxygen demand,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus of black water are about 3.8,5.0,8.1 times of grey water,respectively.Herein,a new rural domestic wastewater treatment mode that is based on source-separation-collection,separate purification and resource utilization is proposed.The source separation of black water and grey water is achieved by the separation of drainage pipe of kitchen,bathroom and toilet.Then black water is purified by septic tank or biogas digester,and grey water is purified by biological or ecological or biology-ecology combination treatment.Finally,resource utilization way is determined by factors such as water resource situation,water endowment,water demand,and economic development.This new mode has advantages of good adaption to local conditions,green low carbon,environmental protection and making profits.However,rare implement cases,lack of partial standard and regulation,easy to make cross-connection mistake in source separation,and limited range of application are the major problems to be resolved in the future.

关 键 词：农村生活污水 源分离收集 分质净化 资源化利用 污水处理模式 

分 类 号：X799[环境科学与工程—环境工程]