平台经济背景下消费者权利保护的困境与出路——以平台服务协议为中心  

The Predicament and Outlet of Consumer Rights Protection under the Background of Platform Economy——Focus on Platform Service Agreement

作　　者：王振宇 WANG Zhen-yu(School of law,Zhongnan University of economics and law,Wuhan 430073,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2023年第4期116-128,共13页China Business and Market

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“非常态缔约规则之类型化与合同法体系重构研究”(19BFX114)。

摘　　要：平台服务协议是平台连接消费者的主要渠道,也是平台经济中消费者权利保护的重要场域。平台经济运行模式的特殊性和缔结平台服务协议的便捷性,使得平台服务协议中消费者权利保护面临新的挑战。对40份平台服务协议文本的实证考察表明,以限制账号权属、制造信息差距、逃避经营风险和设置救济障碍等为典型的不公平条款,在当前各类平台服务协议中普遍存在,现行法也因此陷入了消费者权利保护的数字化困境。此种困境的根源在于,平台与消费者之间的基础关系存在非均衡性,而平台经济的飞速发展导致这种非均衡性持续加剧:在主体层面,平台具有天然的扩张性和垄断趋向,消费者处于被动接受保护的状态,双方在服务协议缔结的过程中不具有对等性;在内容层面,平台服务协议内容的烦琐晦涩和频繁变更加剧了双方的信息不对称;在规制层面,现行法的规制理念与制度体系未能获得理想的效果。破解平台服务协议中消费者权利保护的困境,应在主观上适度修正平台经济中消费者“弱而愚”的人像假设,激发消费者群体“为权利而斗争”的主体性意识;客观上,一要采取措施降低维权成本,为平台消费者寻求司法救济创造条件;二要重视发挥预防性行政规制的优势,弥补司法规制的固有局限;三要激活平台对服务协议的提示说明义务,以解决消费者与平台的信息不对称等问题。The platform service agreement is the main channel for the platform to connect consumers,and also an important field for the protection of consumer rights in the platform economy.The particularity of the operation mode of the platform economy and the convenience of concluding the platform service agreement make the protection of consumer rights in the platform service agreement face new challenges.An empirical study of 40 platform service agreement texts shows that typical unfair clauses,such as restricting account ownership,manufacturing information asymmetry,avoiding business risks and setting relief barriers,are prevalent in various platform service agreements at present,and the current law has therefore fallen into the digital dilemma of consumer rights protection.The root of this dilemma is that the basic relationship between the platform and consumers is unbalanced,and the rapid development of the platform economy has led to the continuous intensification of this imbalance:at the main level,the platform has a natural expansion and monopoly trend,while consumers are in a passive state of receiving protection,and the two parties do not have reciprocity in the process of concluding the service agreement;at the content level,the cumbersome,obscure and frequent changes of the content of the platform service agreement have aggravated the information asymmetry between the two sides;and at the regulatory level,the regulatory concept and system of the current law have not achieved the desired results.In view of this,in order to solve the dilemma of consumer rights protection in the platform service agreement,we should subjectively correct the"weak and stupid"portrait hypothesis of consumers in the platform economy,and stimulate the subjective consciousness of consumer groups to"fight for rights".Objectively,first,we should take measures to reduce the cost of safeguarding rights and create conditions for platform consumers to seek judicial relief;second,we should pay attention to the advantages of preventive administ

关 键 词：平台经济 平台服务协议 消费者保护 磋商对等性障碍 行政规制 

分 类 号：F123.9[经济管理—世界经济]