中国锗矿成矿规律概要  

Metallogenic regularity of germanium in China

作　　者：刘建楠[1] 丁建华[1] 陈炳翰 阴江宁[1] LIU JianNan;DING JianHua;CHEN BingHan;YIN JiangNing(MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,Institute of Mineral Resources,CAGS,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所、自然资源部成矿作用与资源评价重点实验室,北京100037

出　　处：《矿床地质》2023年第2期267-286,共20页Mineral Deposits

基　　金：地调项目“全国矿产资源潜力动态评价”(编号:DD20190193);“矿产资源国情调查与潜力动态评价”(编号:DD20230040)共同资助。

摘　　要：锗是一种重要的稀散元素,在半导体、光电器件和其他工业领域扮演着重要角色。文章通过对已有研究成果的系统梳理,初步总结了中国锗矿的资源特征和成矿规律,并建立了成矿谱系。研究认为,中国主要的锗矿床和富锗矿床可被划分为煤层型锗矿、碳酸盐岩容矿型锗矿、岩浆热液型富锗矿床、火山岩型富锗矿床和沉积型矿产中的潜在锗资源5种类型,较为重要的类型包括煤层型和碳酸盐岩容矿型。锗成矿作用时间跨度较大,从元古代到新生代均有矿床形成,但相对集中于中生代。空间上,不同类型锗矿的分布各具特点,煤层型锗矿主要分布于大兴安岭和西南三江地区;碳酸盐岩容矿型锗矿主要分布于川滇黔地区;岩浆热液型富锗矿床、火山岩型富锗矿床主要分布于长江中下游地区和南岭地区。根据锗矿的时空分布特征及其与构造演化的关系,文章共划分出15个锗成矿带,建立了21个与锗成矿作用有关的成矿系列。Germanium is an important dispersed element,which plays an important role in semiconductor industry,optoelectronics industry and other related industries.Based on the systematic review of existing researches,this study summarized the resource characteristics and metallogenic regularities of germanium deposits in China.The germanium deposits and germanium-bearing deposits in China can be classified into 5 major types:carbonate hosting germanium deposits,coal-bearing germanium deposits,magmatic hydrothermal germanium-bearing deposits,volcanic germanium-bearing deposits and potential germanium resources in sedimentary deposits.Among them,coal-bearing germanium deposits and carbonate hosting germanium deposits are most important.The ages of mineralization of germanium in China can be found from Proterozoic to Cenozoic,with the most in the Mesozoic.The spatial distribution regularity of different deposit types is distinctive.Coal-bearing germanium deposits are found only in the Great Xing’an Mountains area and Sanjiang area by now.Carbonate hosting germanium deposits are mainly distributed in Sichuan-Yunan-Guizhou area.Hydrothermal germanium-bearing deposits and volcanic germanium-bearing deposits are mainly distributed in Middle-Lower Yangtze River area and Nanling area.Based on the spatial-temporal pattern of different types of germanium deposits,the relationship of germanium metallogeny and geological evolution are discussed,15 germanium metallogenic belts and 21 germanium-related metallogenic series are also determined in this paper.

关 键 词：地质学 锗矿 资源特征 锗矿类型 成矿时代 锗成矿带 成矿系列 

分 类 号：P618.75[天文地球—矿床学]