重庆市医疗机构医疗废物管理现状调查  

Current status of management of medical waste in medical institutions of Chongqing

作　　者：宾灯辉 袁胜 周琼[3] 曾磊 王健 范例 杨槟榕 甘伟 王嘉纤 BIN Deng-hui;YUAN Sheng;ZHOU Qiong;ZENG Lei;WANG Jian;FAN Li;YANG Bin-rong;GAN Wei;WANG Jia-qian(Chongqing Academy of Ecological and Environmental Science,Chongqing 401147,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]重庆市生态环境科学研究院,重庆401147 [2]重庆市绿色智能环保技术与装备技术创新中心,重庆401147 [3]重庆市固体废物管理中心,重庆400017 [4]重庆市生态环境监测中心,重庆401147

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2023年第6期956-960,共5页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：重庆市生态环境局科研基金资助项目(2021-162)。

摘　　要：目的 了解重庆市医疗机构医疗废物产生及管理情况。方法 采用现场调查和调查表相结合方式,调查2021年10月-2022年4月50家医疗机构医疗废物产生类别和管理现状,识别医疗废物全过程管理中存在的短板和突出问题,确保医疗废物依法依规安全处置。结果 各级医院医疗废物平均产污系数为0.22~0.72 kg/(床·d),基层医疗机构医疗废物平均产污系数为0.28~2.30 kg/10人;三级医院的医疗废物管理较规范;诊所、村卫生室等基层医疗机构的医疗废物管理问题较多,如医疗废物分类不规范,暂时贮存处选址不合理,运送工具不符合要求、医疗废物收运不及时等;化学性、药物性和病理性医疗废物分类处置问题比较突出;医疗废物处置费用未严格按照标准执行;新冠感染疫情医疗废物的包装、贮存、装车交接、消杀等工作规范开展。结论 建议进一步规范医疗废物管理,探索并制定基层医疗机构医疗废物收运模式;强化对医疗废物分类、收集、贮存、转运、处置各环节的督导,优化升级医疗废物管理信息系统;推动对重庆市医疗废物处置企业疫情期间医疗废物的处置予以补助。OBJECTIVE To understand the status of generation and management of medical waste in medical institutions of Chongqing. METHODS By means of onsite investigation and questionnaire survey, the generation categories and current status of management of medical waste in 50 medical institutions were investigated from Oct 2021 to Apr 2022 the existing limitations and prominent problems in the whole-process management of medical waste were identified so as to enable the safe disposal of medical waste based on laws and regulations. RESULTS The average pollutants generation coefficient of medical waste was 0.22-0.72 kg/bed·day among all the grades of hospitals, the average pollutant generation coefficient of medical waste was 0.28-2.30 kg/10 people among grass-root medical institutions. The management of medical waste was more standardized in tertiary hospitals. There were a variety of problems in management of medical waste in clinics and village clinics, such as nonstandard classification of medical waste, unreasonable site selection for temporary storage of medical waste, unsatisfactory transportation means and untimely collection and transportation of medical waste. The problems of chemical, pharmaceutical and pathological medical waste were more prominent. The costs of disposal of medical waste were not strictly implemented in accordance with standards. The packaging, storage, loading, handover and disinfection of COVID-19 medical waste have been carried out in accordance with regulations. CONCLUSION It is necessary to further standardize the management of medical waste, explore and formulate the collection and transportation modes of medical waste in primary medical institutions, intensify the supervision of classification, collection, storage, transportation and disposal of medical waste, optimize and upgrade the medical waste management information system, and encourage subsidies for the disposal of medical waste in Chongqing medical waste disposal enterprises during the COVID-19 period.

关 键 词：医疗机构 医疗废物 产污系数 管理现状 处置 调查 重庆 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]