从“双重创造”到“双向塑造”——构建政府与市场关系的中国经验  

From Double Creation to Mutual Configuration—The Chinese Experience of Constructing Government-Market Relations

作　　者：周黎安[1] ZHOU Li’an

机构地区：[1]北京大学光华管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《学术月刊》2023年第3期5-21,共17页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：新古典经济学关于政府与市场关系的主流观点隐含了一系列重要的制度条件-例如相对完善和发达的市场以及有效、有限政府,在发展中和转型国家都是付之阙如的。中国的经济改革采取“渐进改革”的策略,在政府与市场的关系上探索出极具特色的动态演进路径,成功摆脱了新古典经济学关于政府-市场关系的分析偏误和陷阱。中国先是通过一系列政府治理改革重构地方政府激励,形成地方竞争,鼓励地方政府积极培育和创造市场,渐次完成经济转型所需的新型政府与市场的“双重创造”;然后,随着市场化进程加速,“官场+市场”双重竞争体制全面形成,政府与市场之间通过“双向塑造”共同克服经济发展中的“市场失灵”与“政府失灵”。中央政府在塑造中国特色的政府-市场关系过程中起到了关键的引导、协调和纠偏作用。The Neoclassical economic approach to government-market relations has a set of implicit assumptions about supporting institutions(e.g.,relatively complete markets and a limited and effective government)which are virtually non-existent in most developing and transition economies.In the past decades China has succeeded in getting around the potential traps of neoclassical government-market doctrine(e.g.,the Washington Consensus)by taking a programmatic and gradualist reform strategy.More specifically,China started with administrative and fiscal decentralization and reforms inpromotion evaluations for local officials to encourage regional competition for economic growth and create an incentivized local government which in turn was motivated to support non-state sectors and nurture local markets.We call this as the process of“double creation”of both markets and market-friendly local governments which was critical for China to get out of the planned economy in the early stage of economic reforms.When China’s marketization speeded up after the early 2000s,a dual competition model took the full shape:local officials competed for regional economic development in political market and local firms competed in economic markets,which triggered an interesting process of“mutual configuration”of government and market to overcome both market failures and government failures.Chinese central government has played a vital role in correcting the distortions arising from the reform process and shaping a well-functioning relationship between government and market.

关 键 词：政府-市场关系 经济转型 中国经验 地方竞争 

分 类 号：D6[政治法律—政治学]