长期不同施肥处理对黄壤性水稻田杂草生物多样性的影响  

Effect of Different Long-Term Fertilization Treatments on the Biodiversity of Weeds in Yellow Soil Rice Fields

作　　者：冉海燕 黄兴成[2,3] 兰献敏 何秀龙 陈仕红 叶照春 RAN Hai-yan;HUANG Xing-cheng;LAN Xian-min;HE Xiu-long;CHEN Shi-hong;YE Zhao-chun(Institute of Plant Protection,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China;Scientific Oberving and Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation and Agriculture Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院植物保护研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [3]农业农村部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《杂草学报》2022年第4期7-14,共8页Journal of Weed Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:31860132);农业农村部西南山地农业环境重点实验室开放基金(编号:AESMA-OPP-2019004);贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目(编号:黔农科院青年基金[2018]14号);贵州省科技平台及人才团队计划(编号:黔科合平台人才[2018]5604号);植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室贵州研究中心创新能力提升项目[编号:黔科合服企(2020-4007)]。

摘　　要：为明确单一种植模式下,长期定位不同施肥处理对黄壤性水稻田杂草生物多样性的影响,采用群落生态学方法,对连续25年长期施肥试验基地的7种不同施肥处理对夏季水稻田杂草生物多样性的影响展开调查。结果表明,水稻不同生育期田间杂草种类存在差异,水稻分蘖期杂草种类较少,随着水稻的生长,杂草种类有所增加;在水稻收获期,1/2MNP、M、CK、NPK、NP、NK、PK处理杂草发生丰富度分别为4、5、3、3、6、3、4;在水稻不同生育期,野荸荠作为田间的主要优势种杂草发生均匀,发生密度在115.56~727.56株/m 2之间,且均高于其他杂草。在水稻收获期,1/2MNP、M、CK、NPK、NP、NK、PK处理杂草总生物量分别为578.53、573.63、481.28、528.48、413.95、294.17、232.64 g,1/2MNP、M处理区杂草总生物量与CK、NPK、NP处理区杂草总生物量差异不显著,与NK、PK处理区差异显著。长期不同定位施肥处理影响水稻田杂草种类及发生量,其中磷肥主要影响杂草种类组成,氮肥对杂草生物量的影响最为显著。In order to clarify the effects of long-term different fertilization treatments on biodiversity of weeds in yellow soil rice fields with single cropping mode,effect of seven different fertilization treatments on biodiversity of weeds in summer were investigated by synecology method in a long-term fertilization experiment base for 25 years.There were differences in the types of weeds in different growth stages of rice.And there were fewer weed species in rice tillering stage.As rice growed,the number of weed populations increased.During the rice harvest,the abundance of weeds are 4,5,3,3,6,3 and 4,respectively under the different treatments of 1/2MNP,M,CK,NPK,NP,NK and PK.In whole growth of rice,Heleocharis plantagineiformis Tang et Wang as the dominant weed in the field occured evenly,and the occurrence density was 115.56~727.56 plants/m 2,which was higher than other weeds.The total grass biomass of weeds in each treatment were 578.53,573.63,481.28,528.48,413.95,294.17,232.64 g,respectively.And the total biomass of weeds under 1/2MNP and M treatment areas were not significantly different from CK,NPK,and NP,but significantly differente from NK and PK.Long-term different fertilization treatments affected the types and occurrence of weeds in rice fields,and P fertilizer mainly affected the composition of weed species,as well N fertilizer had the most significant effect on weed biomass.

关 键 词：长期定位施肥 稻田杂草 生物多样性 生物量 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]