藏北高寒草地不同海拔土壤动物群落结构及多样性  

Community structure and diversity of soil animals at different altitudes in Alpine grassland in northern Tibet

作　　者：臧建成 黄伟家 臧亚军 罗斌 张一龙 宋美成 ZANG Jiancheng;HUANG Weijia;ZANG Yajun;LUO Bin;ZHANG Yilong;SONG Meicheng(Department of Plant Technology,Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi,Tibet 860000,China;Lab of Resource and Applied Insect in the Tibet Plateau,Tibet,Linzhi 860000,China;Tongwei County Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province,Tongwei,Gansu 743300,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院植物科学学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]西藏高原资源昆虫与应用昆虫实验室,西藏林芝860000 [3]甘肃省通渭县气象局,甘肃通渭743300

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第5期72-81,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41967007);西藏自治区科技厅地区基金项目[XZ2018ZRG-35(Z)];西藏农牧学院研创项目(YJS2022-50)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解念青唐古拉山南坡土壤动物群落结构随海拔的变化及其多样性指数的表现。【方法】于2021年6-9月,采用手捡法和干漏斗法,对念青唐古拉山南坡海拔4500,4600,4700,4800,4900,5000,5100,5200 m区域的草地土壤动物进行调查,分析土壤动物群落结构、Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、丰富度指数及相似性指数Sorensen和Cody。【结果】从研究区域共采集土壤动物2061只,隶属5纲20目97科(群)。同一海拔区域在科级水平未出现优势类群,说明在科级水平上各海拔区域土壤动物的分布较为均匀;从目级水平看,优势类群为鞘翅目、弹尾目、双翅目、前气门亚目、中气门亚目,分别占总数的11.80%,24.07%,11.70%,19.55%和14.70%;常见类群为鳞翅目、蜘蛛目、甲螨亚目和石蜈蚣目,分别占总数的1.60%,1.75%,8.83%和1.75%,其余目均为稀有类群。土壤动物的Simpson多样性指数以海拔4700,5000和5200 m区域较高,海拔4500 m区域较低;Shannon-wiener指数以海拔5000 m区域最高,其次为海拔5100和5200 m区域;Pielou均匀度指数以海拔4500 m区域最高,其次为海拔5000和5200 m区域;群落丰富度指数以海拔4500 m区域最高,其次为海拔5100 m区域;相似性指数S rensen以海拔4700 m以下区域总体较低,海拔4700 m以上区域较高;Cody指数以海拔4700 m以下区域相对较高,海拔4700 m以上区域逐渐降低。土壤动物类群数量与其个体数量的变化基本一致。【结论】在藏北高寒草地,海拔对土壤动物群落多样性、丰富度和均匀度指数均有影响,放牧强度及不同季节的降水可能也有一定影响。【Objective】This study aimed to understand the community structure changes of soil animals along with altitude and the variation of diversity indexes on the southern slope of Nyainqentanglha Mountains.【Method】From June to September 2021,grassland soil animals in the altitudes of 4500,4600,4700,4800,4900,5000,5100 and 5200 meters above sea level on the southern slope of Nyainqentanglha Mountains were investigated by hand picking method and Tullgren method.The community structure of soil animals,Simpson diversity index,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou evenness index,richness index and similarity indexes of S rensen and Cody were analyzed.【Result】A total of 2061 soil animals were collected from the study area,belonging to 5 classes,20 orders and 97 families(groups).At same altitudes,there were no dominant groups at the family level,indicating that the distribution of soil animals at each altitude was relatively uniform.At the order level,the dominant groups were Coleoptera,Collembola,Dip-tera,Prostigmata and Mesostigmata,accounting for 11.80%,24.07%,11.70%,19.55%and 14.70%to the total,respectively.The common groups were Lepidoptera,Araneae,Oribatida and Scolopendra,accounting for 1.60%,1.75%,8.83%and 1.75%to the total,respectively.The other orders were rare groups.Simpson diversity index was high in altitudes of 4700,5000 and 5200 m,while the highest Shannon Wiener index was in altitude of 5200 m,followed by 5200 and 5100 m.The highest Pielou evenness was in altitude of 4500 m,followed by 5000 and 5200 m.The highest community richness index was in altitude of 4500 m,followed by 5100 m.The S rensen similarity index was low in 4700 m altitude,and it gradually increased in above 4700 m.The Cody index was high below 4700 m and it gradually decreased above 4700 m.The change in number of soil animal groups was basically consistent with the change of individuals.【Conclusion】Altitude had impacts on diversity,richness and evenness index of soil animal communities.Grazing degree and precipitation in differ

关 键 词：土壤动物 群落结构 念青唐古拉山 海拔高度 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学] S812.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]