精密机床直线进给系统误差均化机理研究  

Research on error averaging mechanism of linear feed system for precision machine tools

作　　者：孙光明 张大卫[1] 孙铭泽 徐鹏飞[1] 陈发泽 李志军[4] SUN Guangming;ZHANG Dawei;SUN Mingze;XU Pengfei;CHEN Faze;LI Zhijun(Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;School of Control and Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin Chengjian University,Tianjin 300384,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University of Technology,Tianjin 300082,China;State Key Laboratory of Engines,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学机构理论与装备设计教育部重点实验室,天津300072 [2]天津城建大学控制与机械工程学院,天津300384 [3]天津理工大学机械工程学院,天津300082 [4]天津大学内燃机燃烧学国家重点实验室,天津300072

出　　处：《工程设计学报》2023年第2期200-211,共12页Chinese Journal of Engineering Design

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1701201);天津市自然科学基金青年项目(22JCQNJC01000);天津市企业特派员项目(22YDTPJC00260)。

摘　　要：精密机床直线进给系统的误差均化现象是机床精度设计中的重点关注问题。以精密卧式加工中心中典型的双导轨四滑块直线进给系统为研究对象,重点研究滚动导轨副几何误差与工作台运动误差之间的均化机理。首先,利用基于传递函数的等效刚度法,建立了导轨几何误差与工作台运动误差之间的映射关系,并以法向直线度误差为例揭示了误差均化机理。然后,建立了双导轨四滑块直线进给系统有限元模型,分析了导轨几何误差与工作台运动误差的均化系数。最后,开展了误差均化机理分析实验,通过测量导轨几何误差和工作台运动误差并计算误差均化系数,验证了理论分析与仿真分析的正确性。研究结果为机床的精度设计提供了理论依据。The phenomenon of error averaging in the linear feed system of precision machine tools is a key concern in machine tool accuracy design.Taking a typical linear feed system with double guide rails and four sliders in precision horizontal machining center as the research object,the averaging mechanism between the geometric error of rolling guide rail pair and the motion error of workbench was emphatically studied.Firstly,the equivalent stiffness method based on transfer function was used to establish the mapping relationship between the geometric error of guide rail and the motion error of workbench,and the error averaging mechanism was revealed by taking the normal straightness error as an example.Then,the finite element model of the linear feed system with double guide rails and four sliders was established,and the averaging coefficients of the geometric error of guide rail and the motion error of workbench were analyzed.Finally,an error averaging mechanism analysis experiment was conducted to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis and simulation analysis by measuring the geometric error of guide rail and the motion error of workbench and calculating the error averaging coefficient.The research results provide a theoretical basis for the accuracy design of machine tools.

关 键 词：精密机床 直线进给系统 误差均化 均化系数 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]