高速飞行等离子体包覆目标的天线辐射性能分析  

Analysis of antenna radiation of hypersonic vehicle with plasma sheath

作　　者：张跃[1] 刘金钢 靳永立 黄晓伟 盛新庆[1] Zhang Yue;Liu Jingang;Jin Yongli;Huang Xiaowei;Sheng Xinqing(Institute of Radio Frequency Technology and Software,School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学集成电路与电子学院射频技术与软件研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《空天技术》2023年第1期107-114,149,共9页Aerospace Technology

基　　金：博士后创新人才支持计划(BX20220376);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2022M720421)。

摘　　要：临近空间高速飞行器的等离子体鞘套具有非均匀、负介电常数和电大尺寸等特点,给现有的电磁数值模拟方法带来了严峻挑战。利用混合有限元-边界元-多层快速多极子算法(FE-BIMLFMA,合元极),对高速飞行等离子体包覆目标的天线辐射性能进行了全波数值仿真。针对非均匀特征和由于磁化导致的各向异性,推导了介电常数为张量形式下的合元极公式,并对系统矩阵进行了预处理以加速迭代。针对不同高度、速度下的等离子体包覆球头锥和天线一体化模型,计算了不同频率、天线位置的辐射方向图,数据表明:增大天线工作频率、将天线部署于电子密度较小的飞行器尾部均可降低等离子体对天线性能的影响;通过添加静态强磁场,可以改善天线在高电子密度分布区的辐射性能;部分计算状态还可以观察到辐射增强、方向图反转、偏移等现象,可以为高速飞行器天线设计、中继通信等研究提供数据支撑。The plasma sheath of the near space hypersonic vehicle has the characteristics of non-uniformity, negative dielectric constant and electrically large size. Such features pose great challenge to the existing electro-magnetic numerical methods. In this paper, the hybrid finite element-boundary integralmultilevel fast multipole algorithm(FE-BI-MLFMA) is used to simulate the antenna radiation of hypersonic vehicles with plasma sheath. Aiming at non-uniform characteristics and anisotropy caused by magnetization,the FE-BI-MLFMA formula with tensor dielectric constant is derived, and the system matrix is preconditioned to expedite the iterations. The plasma-coated spherical cone model with antenna mounted on different positions are simulated. The radiation patterns of different incident frequencies are calculated at different flight heights and velocities. The simulation data indicates that the plasma sheath has a smaller effect on the antenna when the frequency increases, or the antenna is deployed at the tail of the vehicle where the electron density is much lower. By adding a static strong magnetic field, the radiation performance of the antenna in the high-electron density distribution area can be improved. Besides, the radiation enhancement, pattern reversal, offset and other phenomena can be observed with this method, which can provide data support for antenna design and blackout communication of hypersonic vehicle.

关 键 词：超高声速飞行器 等离子体 电磁计算 合元极 天线辐射 

分 类 号：V243.4[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]