2016—2020年温州市学生餐微生物污染状况监测分析  

Microbial contamination status of student meal in Wenzhou from 2016 to 2020

作　　者：万文婷 蔡圆圆[2] 高四海[2] 洪程基[2] 王黎荔[2] 李毅[2] 林丹 单毓娟 WAN Wenting;CAI Yuanyuan;GAO Sihai;HONG Chengji;WANG Lili;LI Yi;LIN Dan;SHAN Yujuan(School of Public Health and Management,Wenzhou Medical University,Zhejiang Wenzhou 325035,China;Wenzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Zhejiang Wenzhou 325000,China;School of Emergency Technology,Zhejiang College of Security Technology,Zhejiang Wenzhou 325016,China)

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学公共卫生与管理学院,浙江温州325035 [2]温州市疾病预防控制中心,浙江温州325000 [3]浙江安防职业技术学院应急技术学院,浙江温州325016

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2023年第2期212-217,共6页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

基　　金：浙江省温州市科技局基础性科研项目(Y20210375)

摘　　要：目的了解近5年温州市幼儿园及中小学食堂自制的学生餐微生物污染状况,为进一步保障学生餐安全提供依据。方法对2016—2020年温州市各县(市、区)采集的学生餐样品中的卫生指标菌(菌落总数及大肠埃希菌)和常见食源性致病菌(金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌)进行检测,并用SPSS 18.0对测定结果进行统计学分析。结果2016年学生餐微生物污染状况较为严重,样品不合格率达23.58%,此后4年学生餐样品不合格率依次为6.27%、6.80%、9.06%、3.82%,5年来温州市学生餐样品不合格率总体呈逐年下降趋势(χ2=60.852,P<0.001)。主要表现为卫生指标菌中的大肠埃希菌污染严重,5年来不合格率依次为9.43%、5.64%、6.47%、6.41%、1.91%,呈逐年下降趋势(χ2=5.225,P=0.022);除2016年金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门菌的检出率(7.35%和9.91%)较高外,其余各年食源性致病菌的不合格率均处于较低水平。从学校类型来看,2016—2020年温州市幼儿园、小学和中学学生餐样品不合格率分别为10.34%、12.81%、6.90%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=8.341,P=0.015)。2016—2020年温州市不同采样季度和监测地点学生餐微生物污染状况均未见显著差异(P>0.05)。在调整了监测学校类型、采样季度和监测地点等影响因素后,相对于2016年,2017—2020年学生餐微生物污染均显著降低(P<0.01)。结论2016年温州市幼儿园及中小学学生餐微生物污染状况最为严重,此后4年学生餐卫生状况有所改善,但仍存在不同程度的微生物污染。相关监管部门应根据监测结果进一步加强食品监管力度,防止学校食源性疾病的发生。Objective To provide basis for further ensuring the safety of student meals,the microbial contamination status in kindergarten,primary and secondary school canteens in Wenzhou in the past five years were investigated.Methods Food samples collected in Wenzhou from 2016 to 2020 were detected for hygienic target bacteria(Aerobic Plate count and Escherichia coli)and foodborne pathogens(Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes),and data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0.Results The microbial contamination of student meal in 2016 was serious,with a unqualified rate as high as 23.58%.While the unqualified rates of student meal decreased by 6.27%,6.80%,9.06%,and 3.82%from 2017 to 2020(χ2=60.852,P<0.001).Escherichia coli contamination was one of the most serious,and its unqualified rates in the past five years showed a downward trend(9.43%,5.64%,6.47%,6.41%,and 1.91%,χ2=5.225,P=0.022).Except for the higher detection rates of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in 2016(7.35%and 9.91%),the unqualified rates of foodborne pathogens in other years were at a low level.For different types of schools,the unqualified rates of meal samples for kindergarten,primary and secondary school students in Wenzhou from 2016 to 2020 were 10.34%,12.81%,and 6.90%,respectively,which had significant differences(χ2=8.341,P=0.015).For different sampling quarters and monitoring points,no significant difference was observed in the overall status of microbial contamination of student meal.Compared with 2016,the risk of microbial contamination of student meal significantly reduced from 2017 to 2020 after adjusting the influencing factors such as the school type,sampling season and location(P<0.01).Conclusion Microbial contamination of the student meal in kindergartens,primary and middle schools in Wenzhou was the most serious in 2016,while the hygiene conditions of student meal improved from 2017 to 2020.Foodborne microbial contamination in Wenzhou could potentially threaten student health,which should be monitored to

关 键 词：学生餐 食品微生物 食品污染 卫生指示菌 食源性致病菌 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]