星载光学天文定位的空间目标轨道确定方法  

Orbit determination for space objects using space-based astronomical observations

作　　者：宋叶志[1,2,3] 杨旭海 陈倩[4] 谭龙玉 刘佳 SONG Yezhi;YANG Xuhai;CHEN Qian;TAN Longyu;LIU Jia(National Time Service Centre,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710600,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shanghai Astronomical Observatory,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200030,China;DFH Satellite Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100094,China;Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute,Shanghai 201109,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家授时中心,西安710600 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [4]航天东方红卫星有限公司,北京100094 [5]上海航天控制技术研究所,上海201109

出　　处：《测绘科学》2023年第2期100-105,114,共7页Science of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：民用航天“十四五”技术预先研究项目(KJSP2020020203);上海天文台重点培育项目(N20210601003)。

摘　　要：针对地基测量存在时间与空间上的盲区问题,该文研究了天基光学跟踪轨道确定方法,对天基光学测量天文图像处理原理、平台轨道设计问题进行了研究。详细给出了数值法天基光学轨道确定的动力学定轨过程。通过低轨地球轨道(LEO)卫星对中轨地球轨道(MEO)卫星测定轨,在平台轨道误差20 m,测量精度5″,2 d弧长定轨情况下定轨精度达到几十米。LEO平台对地球静止轨道(GEO)平台在平台轨道误差20 m,测量精度5″,轨道确定精度在200 m以内。在LEO跟踪GEO时候,因任务的需求可能会存在单圈次只能短时测量的情况,针对只有单圈30 s的测量弧段,3圈可以达到千米量级,而5圈则可以达到几百米定轨精度。通过对不同场景下的轨道确定精度分析,证实了该文方法的有效性,为相关非合作目标定轨提供一定的参考。Aiming at the problem of blind areas in time and space in ground-based measurement,the determination method of space-based optical tracking orbit was studied,and the astronomical image processing principle and platform orbit design of space-based optical measurement were studied in this paper.The dynamic orbit determination process of space-based optical orbit determination by numerical method was given in detail.The results showed that under the conditions of platform orbit error of 20 meters,measurement accuracy of 5arcseconds,and 2-day arc length orbit determination,the accuracy of the orbit determination of LEO(low earth orbit)to MEO(medium earth orbit)could reach tens of meters.Under the conditions of platform orbit error of 20meters,measurement accuracy of 5arcseconds,the accuracy of the orbit determination of LEO to GEO(geostationary orbit)was within 200meters.In the case of LEO tracking GEO,there may be cases where only short measurements could be taken in a single lap due to the demands of the task.For the measurement arc segment with only a single lap of 30 seconds,three laps could reach the kilometer level,while five laps could reach the orbit determination accuracy of hundreds of meters.By analyzing the accuracy of orbit determination in different scenarios,the effectiveness of the method was confirmed,which provided a certain reference for the orbit determination of related non-cooperative targets.

关 键 词：天文定位 轨道确定 空间目标 星基测角 

分 类 号：P207[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]