二氧化碳碳化法沉淀制备晶型碳酸稀土的工艺研究  

Preparing Crystalline Rare Earth Carbonate by Carbonation with Carbon Dioxide

作　　者：高梦兰 文彬 饶明璐 贺强[1] 柴周羿 肖燕飞[1] Gao Menglan;Wen Bin;Rao Minglu;He Qiang;Chai Zhouyi;Xiao Yanfei(Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou Engineering Tech-nology Research Center of Green Metallurgy and Process Intensification,Key Laboratory of Ionic Rare Earth Resources and Environment,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学材料冶金化学学部,赣州市绿色冶金与过程强化工程技术研究中心,离子型稀土资源与环境重点实验室,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《中国稀土学报》2023年第2期296-304,共9页Journal of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC2905202);国家自然科学基金项目(52274351);江西省“双千计划”科技创新高端人才(青年)项目(jxsq2019201116);江西省青年井冈学者奖励计划项目(QNJG2019056);江西省离子型稀土资源绿色开发与高值利用国家重点实验室培育计划项目(20194AFD44003)资助。

摘　　要：碳酸稀土作为生产稀土氧化物的重要前驱体,是稀土元素精深加工和材料制备中重要的中间原料。目前碳酸稀土的制备方法包括碳酸氢铵沉淀法、碳酸氢镁沉淀法和碳酸钠沉淀法等,存在着氨氮污染、结晶性能不好、不利于工业化生产等问题;本文将二氧化碳碳化法引入到晶型碳酸稀土的制备过程,以开发一种绿色易产业化的碳酸稀土沉淀结晶技术。实验以LaCl_(3)为原料,研究了碳化体系、碳化温度和碳化时间对产物结晶性能的影响;结果表明:在20℃,pH=5.0的条件下碳化60 min,可以获得D_(50)=21.4μm,(D_(90)-D_(10))/2D_(50)=0.745,晶型片状的La_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)·8H_(2)O。此外还以CeCl_(3)和YCl_(3)为原料,探讨了二氧化碳碳化法的适应性问题,分别在20和40℃条件下碳化获得了晶型Ce_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)·8H_(2)O和Y_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)·2H_(2)O。本文将二氧化碳碳化法应用到晶型碳酸稀土的制备过程中,具有易工业化、易操作、减少碳排放等优点,也为碳化法制备晶型碳酸稀土提供了理论和工艺指导。As an important precursor for the production of rare earth oxides,rare earth carbonate is an important intermediate raw material in the intensive processing and material preparation of rare earth elements.The current preparation methods of rare earth carbonate include ammonium bicarbonate precipitation method,magnesium bicarbonate precipitation method and sodium carbonate precipitation method,etc,which exist the problems such as ammonia nitrogen pollution,poor crystallization performance,and unfavorable industrial production;this article introduces carbon dioxide carbonization method to crystalline rare earth carbonate,in order to develop a green and easy-to-industrial rare earth carbonate precipitation crystallization technology.The experiment used lanthanum chloride as the raw material to study the effects of carbonization system,carbonization temperature and carbonization time on the crystallization properties of the product;the results show that carbonization at 20℃and pH=5.0 for 60 min can obtain La_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)·8H_(2)O in crystalline form with D_(50)=21.4μm and(D_(90)-D_(10))/2D_(50)=0.745.In addition,this article also used cerium chloride and yttrium chloride as raw materials to discuss the adaptability of carbon dioxide carbonization.The crystal forms of Ce_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)·8H_(2)O and Y_(2)(CO_(3))_(3)·2H_(2)O were obtained by carbonization at 20 and 40℃.In this article,carbon dioxide carbonization method was applied to the preparation process of crystalline rare earth carbonate,which has the advantages of easy industrialization,easy operation,and reduced carbon emissions.It also provides theoretical and technological guidance for the preparation of crystalline rare earth carbonate by carbonization.

关 键 词：二氧化碳 碳化 晶型 碳酸镧 碳酸铈 碳酸钇 

分 类 号：O614.33[理学—无机化学] TF845.2[理学—化学]