塔里木盆地构造变形迁移与三大地质事件的关系及其地质意义  

Deformation migration and three major geological events in Tarim Basin and their geological significance

作　　者：杜德道[1] 李洪辉[1] 闫磊[1] 周东延[1] 曹颖辉[1] 杨敏[1] 王珊[1] 董洪奎 马德波[1] 徐兆辉[1] Du Dedao;Li Honghui;Yan Lei;Zhou Dongyan;Cao Yinghui;Yang Min;Wang Shan;Dong Hongkui;Ma Debo;Xu Zhaohui(Research Institute of Exploration and Development of PetroChina,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《地质科学》2023年第2期379-397,共19页Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica)

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司“十四五”上游领域前瞻性基础性项目(编号:2021DJ05);中国石油天然气股份有限公司勘探与生产分公司科技项目(编号:kt2021-02-01)资助。

摘　　要：塔里木盆地经历多期构造运动,形成多期断裂系统和隆凹构造,在地质历史的演化过程中,均发生了横向迁移。通过大量二维地震资料解释和断裂分析,结合地层残余厚度及分布状况,参考重点层系构造图,经研究发现,不同地质时期的断裂系统具有按照先后顺序有规律的横向迁移特征。同时,不同时期塔里木盆地隆凹格局也发生了巨大变化。随着塔里木盆地独有的早期深埋、中期二叠纪火山活动及晚期快速沉降三大地质事件的发生,地层沉积沉降和构造隆升的不均衡性,使得烃源岩在平面上的演化程度呈现不均一性。按现今构造单元可分为古隆起生烃终止区、古隆起阶段生烃区、凹陷生烃衰竭区、凹陷阶段生烃区和凹陷周期持续生烃区等5类烃源岩演化区。现今台盆区仅有阿满过渡带、塔北隆起中段、草湖次凹、麦盖提斜坡及塔西南山前等5个地区发育有效烃源岩,持续生烃或阶段生烃,为塔里木盆地台盆区晚期成藏提供了不竭的烃源。The Tarim Basin has experienced multi-stage tectonic movement,forming multi-stage fault system and uplift depression structural pattern,and has undergone lateral migration in the process of historical evolution.Through the interpretation of a large number of two-dimensional seismic data and fault analysis,using the residual thickness and distribution of strata and referring to the structural map of key strata,it is found that the fault system in different periods moves laterally and regularly according to the sequence.At the same time,the uplift and depression pattern also change greatly in different periods.With the unique early deep burial of Tarim Basin,the occurrence of three major geological events of Middle Permian volcanic activity and late rapid subsidence,as well as the imbalance of stratigraphic sedimentary subsidence and structural uplift,make the evolution degree of source rocks uneven on the plane.According to the current structural unit,it can be divided into paleouplift hydrocarbon generation termination area,paleouplift stage hydrocarbon generation area,depression hydrocarbon generation failure area,depression stage hydrocarbon generation area.There are five types of evolution areas such as sag cycle continuous hydrocarbon generation area.At present,there are only five areas in the platform basin area,such as a transition zone,middle section of North Tarim,Caohu sub sag,Maigaiti slope and front of Southwest Tarim Mountain,which develop effective source rocks for continuous hydrocarbon generation and stage hydrocarbon generation,and provide inexhaustible hydrocarbon sources for late reservoir formation in the platform basin area of Tarim Basin.

关 键 词：构造形迹 隆凹格局 早期深埋 生烃终止 火山活动 晚期快速沉降 

分 类 号：P542[天文地球—构造地质学]