2013—2021年长沙市流感样病例暴发疫情流行病学特征及病原学特点分析  

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of outbreaks of influenza-like cases in Changsha City from 2013 to 2021

作　　者：李灵之[1] 肖姗[1] 裴瑞青[1] 黄政[1] 叶文[1] 姚栋[1] LI Lingzhi;XIAO Shan;PEI Ruiqing;HUANG Zheng;YE Wen;YAO Dong(Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hunan 410004,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙市疾病预防控制中心,湖南410004

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2023年第3期215-218,222,共5页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：湖南省卫生健康委科研课题项目(202012060458)。

摘　　要：目的分析2013—2021年长沙市流感样病例暴发疫情的流行病学特征及病原学特点,为制定流行性感冒(以下简称“流感”)防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集长沙市2013年1月1日—2021年12月31日流感样病例暴发疫情流行病学及病原学资料,对疫情的规模、发生时间、地区、场所和病原监测结果进行描述性分析。结果2013—2021年长沙市共报告163起流感样病例暴发疫情,报告发病病例8504例,平均罹患率为2.60%(8504/326872)。2019年报告数量最多,共81起(49.69%)。2013—2021年报告病例主要集中在冬春季节(11月—12月和1月、3月),构成比为85.89%,浏阳市和长沙县病例数构成比分别为39.26%和23.93%。疫情暴发病例主要发生在中、小学校,共151起(92.64%)。检测病原学标本1265份,阳性率为67.19%。2013—2021年流感阳性疫情154起,仅1种型别单独流行的年份为2015年的A(H3N2)型和2021年的B(Victoria)型,其他有流感疫情报告的年份均为A、B型别交替混合感染。结论2013—2021年长沙市冬春季中、小学校易发生流感样病例暴发疫情,应加强学校流感疫情监测,做到早报告、早隔离,开展学校宣教,提高流感疫苗接种率,使流感疫情得到有效控制。Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of influenza-like illness outbreaks in Changsha City from 2013 to 2021,so as to provide scientific basis for formulating influenza prevention and control strategies.Methods The epidemiological and etiological data of influenza like cases were collected in Changsha from January 1,2013 to December 31,2021.The scales,times,regions,places and pathogen monitoring results of the epidemics were analysed.Results A total of 163 influenza-like illness outbreaks were reported in Changsha from 2013 to 2021,and 8504 cases of influenza-like illness were reported during the outbreaks,with an average incidence of 2.60%(8504/326872).A total of 81 outbreaks(49.69%)were reported in 2019,which was the largest number.From 2013 to 2021,the reporting time was mainly concentrated in winter and spring seasons(from November to December,January and March),accounting for 85.89%.Liuyang County and Changsha County were the districts with the largest proportion of reports,accounting for 39.26%and 23.93%respectively.Most of the outbreaks occurred in primary and secondary schools,with a total of 151 cases(92.64%).A total of 1265 cases of pathogenic specimens were detected,and the positive rate was 67.19%.A total of 154 influenza positive cases were confirmed from 2013 to 2021,with only one type of influenza of A(H3N2)in 2015 and B(Victoria)in 2021.Other years with influenza epidemic reports witnessed mixed infections of type A and B.Conclusion Primary and secondary schools are prone to influenza-like illness outbreaks in winter and spring in Changsha City from 2013 to 2021.During this period,school influenza surveillance should be strengthened,early reporting and isolation should be performed,school publicity and education should be carried out,and the influenza vaccination rate should be improved to effectively control the influenza epidemic.

关 键 词：流感 暴发疫情 病原学监测 防控 流行病学特征 分析 

分 类 号：R373.13[医药卫生—病原生物学]