武汉市建筑工人健康状况调查  

A survey of the health status of construction workers in Wuhan City

作　　者：戴霞云 张望珍 罗永斌 陈斯琦 刘苏玫 吴静 王锋 DAI Xiayun;ZHANG Wangzhen;LUO Yongbin;CHEN Siqi;LIU Sumei;WU Jing;WANG Feng(Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases,Hubei 430015,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市职业病防治院,湖北430015

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2023年第3期294-297,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81703203);武汉市卫生计生科研基金资助项目(WG21Q01)。

摘　　要：目的揭示武汉市建筑工人的健康状况。方法对2022年3—4月武汉市10个建筑工地的1510人建筑工人进行健康检查,项目包括血压、血脂、血糖、X线胸片(DR)、腹部彩超、肝肾功能和血常规等。连续性变量采用均值±标准差表示,分类变量采用人数和百分比表示。分类变量的组间差异比较采用χ^(2)检验,显著性检验水平为0.05。结果2022年3—4月武汉市建筑工人以中老年男性为主,50岁以上者占43.7%,30岁及以下者占13.8%。465人收缩压≥140 mm Hg和/或舒张压≥90 mm Hg,达到高血压诊断水平,占30.8%。101人空腹血糖受损,75人血糖≥7.0 mmol/L,达到糖尿病诊断水平,占5.0%。血脂异常人数达684人,占45.3%。419(27.7%)人尿酸高于参考值范围。180人胸片检查出现异常,占11.9%,其中5人疑似尘肺。367(24.3%)人患有不同程度的脂肪肝,189人患有肾结石,99人患有胆结石。出现心律不齐和传导阻滞的人数均为39人,171人心率过缓,占11.3%,66人出现T波改变,16人左室高电压。高血压、空腹血糖受损、糖尿病、胸片异常和心电图异常在不同工龄组分布差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05),工龄越长,患病风险越高。结论2022年3—4月武汉市建筑工人老龄化程度较严重,且患高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、脂肪肝、肾结石、胆结石等慢性非传染性疾病,应加强建筑工人健康监护,改善其健康状况,提高劳动能力。Objective To investigate the health status of construction workers in Wuhan City.Methods Physical examinations were conducted on 1510 construction workers from 10 construction sites in Wuhan City from March to April 2022,and the examination items included blood pressure,blood lipids,blood glucose,chest X-ray(DR),abdominal ultrasound scan,liver and kindney function test,and blood routine examination,etc.Categorical variables were expressed in percentages and continuous variables in mean■.The chi-square test was used to compare the differences between groups for categorical variables.The level of the significance test was 0.05.Results The construction workers in Wuhan City were mainly middle-and old-age men.About 43.7 percent of them were over 50 years old and only 13.8%ones were 30 years old or younger.Elevated blood pressure(SBP≥140 mmHg and/or DBP≥90 mmHg)was found in 465 subjects,reaching the diagnostic level of hypertension,in30.8%.The number of participants with impaired fasting glucose was 101,and a total of 75 ones′blood glucose were even over7.0 mmol/L,reaching the level of diabetes mellitus,accounting for 5.0%.The number of dyslipidemia reached 684(45.3%)and 419(27.7%)human uric acid were above the reference range.One hundred eighty(11.9%)ones had abnormal chest radiographs,and five of them had suspected pneumoconiosis.The number of subjects suffering from fatty liver,kidney stones,gallstones,arrhythmia,conduction block,bradycardia(11.3%),T-wave changes,and left ventricular hypervoltage were 367,189,99,39,39,171,66,and 16,respectively.The distribution of hypertension,impaired fasting glucose,diabetes,abnormal chest radiography and abnormal electrocardiogram was statistically significant in different length of service groups(P<0.05),and the longer the service,the higher the risk of disease.Conclusion From March to April 2022,the aging of construction workers in Wuhan are serious with high risk of suffering from various chronic non-communicable diseases including hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,f

关 键 词：建筑工人 老龄化 健康状况 慢性非传染性疾病 健康监护 

分 类 号：R181.31[医药卫生—流行病学]