从“预期”理论看汉语仅差格式  

A Study on Chinese Avertive Format from the Perspective of“Expectation”Theory

作　　者：干薇 陈振宇[2] GAN Wei;CHEN Zhen-yu(Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance,Shanghai 201620;Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]上海立信会计金融学院外国语学院,上海201620 [2]复旦大学中国语言文学系,上海200433

出　　处：《汉语学习》2023年第2期13-24,共12页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目《言语行为的逻辑——汉语语义和语用接口研究》(项目编号:19FYYB032)的成果之一。

摘　　要：文章提出企望说和常规说应该结合在一起作为判断汉语仅差格式限制条件的语用原则,这一原则可以进一步整理为预期说。汉语仅差格式是针对说话者自反预期的,这里的“预期”包括意愿预期、能力预期、道义预期和认识预期等多个情态维度。汉语仅差格式具有不同的种类:肯定式、Na式和Nn式,其中每个都可以分为两个次类,每个次类都有自己的焦点结构,从而具有不同的反预期类型。Expectant Theory and Conventional Theory should be combined together as a pragmatic principle to judge the limitation conditions of Chinese avertive format.This principle can be further classified into expectation theory.Chinese avertive format is intended for the speaker’s expectation.The“expectation”here includes many modal dimensions,such as optative expectation,capable expectation,deontic expectation and epistemic expectation.There are different types in Chinese avertive format:affirmative,Na and Nn.Each of them can be divided into two subclasses,which have its own focus structure,thus having different types of counter-expectation.

关 键 词：汉语仅差格式 自反预期 预期的情态维度 焦点结构 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]