机构地区:[1]山西财经大学资源环境学院,太原030006 [2]山西财经大学文化旅游学院,太原030031
出 处:《自然资源学报》2023年第4期995-1009,共15页Journal of Natural Resources
基 金:国家自然科学基金项目(41571141);山西省科技战略研究专项(202104031402061,202104031402065)。
摘 要:以历山自然保护区为研究案例地,多角度构建了游径附近森林群落生态环境承载力的评价指标体系;运用双向指示种分类法研究了旅游干扰下不同森林群落的类型特征,尤其是识别了其临界类型;基于除趋势对应分析法,提取了每个样地的综合生态信息,构建和测算了其生态距离与生态环境承载力;最后,分析了森林群落生态环境承载力及其指标与各地理因子之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)历山自然保护区游径附近森林群落可分为7个类型:无一年生植物—多幼苗—多地上芽组、无一年生植物—幼苗最多—无地上芽组、无一年生植物—无地上芽—地下芽最多组、少一年生植物—无地上芽—无地下芽组、一年生植物最多—幼苗居中—多地上芽组、多一年生植物—少幼苗—无灌木组、少一年生植物—幼苗最少—灌木较低组。(2)森林群落生态环境承载力测算结果显示:有33个样地处于生态环境承载力“未超载”状态,有7个样地处于“超载”状态,超载率为17.07%。(3)局部来看,评价森林群落生态环境承载力的大部分指标(灌木盖度、乔木景观重要值、灌木景观重要值、高位芽重要值比值、地面芽重要值比值以及幼苗量)与坡度之间存在显著或极显著的关系,与其他地理因子的相关性不明显。然而,总体来看,生态环境承载力与各地理因子之间却未呈现出明显的相关性;森林群落的生态环境承载力与其评价指标体系中的群落垂直和水平结构的大部分指标(乔木层盖度、草本层盖度、乔木景观重要值和草本景观重要值)显著相关,与生活型比例中的少部分指标(地上芽重要值比值和一年生重要值比值)显著相关。The present study was carried out in Lishan Nature Reserve.Firstly,the evaluation index system for the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community near tourist roads was constructed from multiple angles in this paper.Secondly,all the samples were classified using a two-way indicator species analysis method,and the characteristics of different forest communities were studied,especially the critical types.Thirdly,the comprehensive ecological information of all the samples was extracted by detrended correspondence analysis method,the ecological distance of each sample was calculated,and their ecological environment carrying capacity was also measured.At last,the correlations among the ecological environmental carrying capacity in forest community and the evaluation indicators measuring for the ecological environmental carrying capacity in forest community and various geographic factors were identified.The results showed that:(1)Forest communities can be divided into 7 different types in Lishan Nature Reserve:the group of no therophytes-more seedlings-more chamaephytes,the group of no therophytes-the most seedlings-no chamaephytes,the group of no therophytes-no chamaephyte-the most cryptophytes,the group of less therophytes-no chamaephytes-no cryptophytes,the group of the most therophytes-medium seedlings-more chamaephytes,the group of more therophytes-few seedlings-no shrubs,the group of less therophytes-the least seedlings-less shrubs.(2)The calculation results of the ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community near tourist roads showed that:in all the samples,33 were unoverloaded,and 7 were overloaded,with an overload rate of 17.07%.(3)In part,most of the evaluation indicators(such as the coverage of shrub layer,the important value of tree and shrub landscape,the important value ratio of phaenerophytes and hemicryptophyte and the quantity of seedling)which were used for measuring ecological environment carrying capacity in forest community were significantly correlated with slope,
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