战略耦合及区位机会窗口与GPNs领先企业策略合作伙伴的区位重构--以富士康为例  

Strategic coupling,windows of locational opportunity and relocation of strategic partners of a leading firm in GPNs:Acasestudyof Foxconn

作　　者：赵建吉[1,2] 王艳华[1,2] 苗长虹[1,2] ZHAO Jianji;WANG Yanhua;MIAO Changhong(Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development&Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization of Henan Province,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,Henan,China;College of Geography and Environmental Science,Henan University,Kaifeng 475000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心暨黄河文明协同创新中心,开封475001 [2]河南大学地理与环境学院,开封475000

出　　处：《地理学报》2023年第4期877-893,共17页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42130510,41301115,41601119,42171186);国家社会科学基金项目(20BJL104);教育部人文社科基金项目(19YJA790123)。

摘　　要：关系经济地理学(REG)与演化经济地理学(EEG)不断走向融合是国际经济地理学发展的重要趋势。将REG战略耦合理论与EEG区位机会窗口理论相结合,构建了“战略耦合-区位机会窗口-产业转移”的理论分析框架,以全球生产网络(GPNs)领先企业苹果(Apple)公司最大的策略合作伙伴富士康为典型案例,研究了战略耦合、区位机会窗口对GPNs领先企业策略合作伙伴区位重构的影响。结果表明:(1)战略耦合、解耦合、再耦合的发生依赖于GPNs领先企业策略合作伙伴的战略需求与区域资产匹配程度的动态变化;(2)GPNs领先企业策略合作伙伴的战略需求与转出地区域资产之间不匹配导致的解耦合,为产业转移的发生打开了区位机会窗口;(3)GPNs领先企业策略合作伙伴的战略需求与潜在承接地区域资产之间匹配程度的差异,是其最终选择承接地的核心因素,遍在化的通用区域资产影响较小、特定区域资产起到关键作用。在承接地形成再耦合,意味着产业转移的区位机会窗口关闭;(4)转出地及承接地的制度安排和发展战略对战略耦合的状态及区位机会窗口的变化产生重要影响;(5)作为GPNs领先企业策略合作伙伴,富士康的区位重构受到领先企业苹果公司的影响深刻,这也是富士康区位重构与普通企业迁移的最大差异。本文将战略耦合与区位机会窗口理论拓展到企业区位重构研究,通过解耦合、再耦合以及区位机会窗口的变化,为更好地理解产业转移发生机制提供了新的视角。The integration of evolutionary economic geography(EEG)and relational economic geography(REG)is a main trend of international economic geography development.Based on the combination of EEG and REG theory,this paper proposed an analytical framework including strategic coupling,windows of locational opportunity and industrial transfer,and explained it from a particular perspective with respect to the key problem in economic geography of how to analyze the relocation of strategic partner of leading firms(SPLFs)in global production networks(GPNs)drawing on the case of Foxconn,an important strategic partner of Apple Inc.,which acts as a leading firm in GPNs typically.The findings can be summarized as follows:(1)The occurrence of strategic coupling,decoupling and recoupling depends on the dynamic evolution of the matching degree between strategic demand of SPLFs in GPNs and regional assets.(2)The decoupling caused by the mismatch between strategic demands of SPLFs in GPNs and regional assets opened the windows of locational opportunity for the industrial transfer.(3)The matching degree gap between the strategic demands of SPLFs in GPNs and regional assets is the core factor for SPLFs in GPNs to choose the transferee.While ubiquitous general regional assets matter little,the specific regional assets play a key role in the process.With the formation of recoupling in the transferee,the windows of locational opportunity for the industrial transfer has been closed.(4)The institutional arrangements and development strategy of the transferer and transferee have an important impact on the state of strategic coupling and the change of windows of locational opportunity,which is the key to understand the Foxconn's relocation.(5)As one of the SPLFs in GPNs,Foxconn's relocation has been deeply affected by the Apple Inc.,which is also the biggest difference between Foxconn's relocation and an ordinary industrial transfer.This study deepened the understanding of strategic coupling theory,extended the strategic coupling theory and win

关 键 词：全球生产网络 战略耦合 区位机会窗口 产业转移 领先企业策略合作伙伴 领先企业 富士康 

分 类 号：F426.6[经济管理—产业经济]