理化因素对非洲猪瘟病毒灭活效果的研究  

The inactivation effects of physicochemical factors on African swine fever virus

作　　者：龚浪[1] 孙英硕 许润达 陈熊男 高琦[1] 黄钊 陈孝军 郑佳琛 郭彦辰 吴芮霞 曾凡亮 王衡[1] 张桂红[1] GONG Lang;SUN Yingshuo;XU Runda;CHEN Xiongnan;GAO Qi;HUANG Zhao;CHEN Xiaojun;ZHENG Jiachen;GUO Yanchen;WU Ruixia;ZENG Fanliang;WANG Heng;ZHANG Guihong(College of Veterinary Medicine,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学兽医学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2023年第3期348-356,共9页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(2019B020211003);国家自然科学基金(31941004);国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1800104);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-35)。

摘　　要：[目的]了解我国非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)的生物学特性及理化抗性,提高猪场生物安全水平以防控非洲猪瘟。[方法]通过红细胞吸附试验和qPCR试验验证不同理化因素(包括静置、温度、UVC照射、室内外干燥、阳光暴晒和消毒剂)对ASFV的灭活效果。[结果]UVC照射30 min即可灭活病毒,照射时间越长,ASFV核酸降解越严重;室内干燥2.5 d、室外干燥1.5 d、阳光暴晒30 min均可灭活ASFV,但不能降解ASFV核酸;常见消毒剂对ASFV的杀灭效果良好,各消毒剂按照推荐稀释浓度室温作用15或30 min,除碘酸混合溶液外均能使ASFV完全失活;温度升高(4、25和37℃)会增强消毒剂的消毒作用;有机物FBS的存在会削弱消毒剂的作用,且随FBS体积分数增加(0、10%和30%)消毒剂的消毒效果会降低。[结论]本文系统研究了常见的理化因素对ASFV灭活效果的影响,有助于全面了解ASFV生物学特性,对非洲猪瘟的防控具有重要指导意义。【Objective】The purpose of this research was to understand the biological characteristics and physicochemical resistance of African swine fever virus(ASFV)in China,so as to improve the biosafety level of pig farms for the prevention and control of African swine fever.【Method】Hemadsorption test and qPCR test were used to verify the inactivation effects of different physicochemical factors(including static treatment,temperature,UVC irradiation,indoor and outdoor drying,sun exposure and disinfectant)on ASFV.【Result】UVC irradiation for 30 min could inactivate the virus,the longer the irradiation time,the more serious degradation of ASFV nucleic acid.Indoor drying for 2.5 d,outdoor drying for 1.5 d or sun exposure for 30 min could inactivate ASFV,but these three physical factors had no effect on ASFV nucleic acid degradation.ASFV was susceptible to common disinfectants tested in study,except iodate mixed solution,all disinfectants could completely inactivate ASFV when treated at room temperature at the recommended diluted concentration for 15 or 30 min.An increase in temperature(4,25 and 37℃)enhanced the inactivation effect of disinfectants.The presence of organic compound FBS could weaken the effect of disinfectants,and an increase in the volume fraction of FBS(0,10%and 30%)could reduce the inactivation effect.【Conclusion】This paper systematically studies the effects of common physicochemical factors on the inactivation of ASFV,which is helpful to fully understand the biological characteristics of ASFV,and has important guiding significance for clinical prevention and control of African swine fever.

关 键 词：非洲猪瘟病毒 理化抗性 消毒剂 病毒灭活 核酸降解 

分 类 号：S855[农业科学—临床兽医学]