民间借贷法律规制对犯罪的影响——基于利率上限调整和高利贷入罪的实证研究  

Influence of the Legal Regulation of Private Lending on Crime:An Empirical Study Based on the Adjustment of Interest Rate Cap and the Criminalization of Usury

作　　者：叶斌 熊秉元[2] YE Bin;HSIUNG Bing-yuan(School of Economics and Management,Zhejiang University of Science&Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China;School of Economics,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江科技学院经济与管理学院,浙江杭州310023 [2]浙江大学经济学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《财经问题研究》2023年第5期27-38,共12页Research On Financial and Economic Issues

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“法经济学视角下的司法去地方化研究”(20CJL005)。

摘　　要：民间借贷时常引发犯罪行为,这是民间借贷利率管制和高利贷入罪的重要理由。本文采用中国裁判文书网刑事一审判决书的犯罪数据,基于民间借贷利率上限调整和高利贷入罪的准自然实验,利用双重差分模型实证检验了民间借贷法律规制对犯罪的影响。结果显示,民间借贷利率上限提高会增加非法吸收公众存款罪、集资诈骗罪、诈骗罪、合同诈骗罪和赌博罪,而高利贷入罪不但没有遏制民间借贷相关犯罪,反而增加了非法吸收公众存款罪、诈骗罪、合同诈骗罪、强迫交易罪和敲诈勒索罪。进一步分析发现,小额贷款公司对民间借贷相关犯罪和高利贷入罪所引发的犯罪具有抑制作用。基于溯因推理,对于这三方面事实的最佳解释是,民间借贷引发犯罪的重要机制在于民间资金需求无法得到满足。因此,防治民间借贷相关犯罪问题的主要政策措施应是缓解资金供需矛盾。Within the normative system of law,there are different opinions on whether usury should be criminalized,all of which:the ones in favor of either criminalization or decriminalization,have their own logical arguments.Laws in the vast majority of countries and regions criminalize usury and regulate interest rates on private lending,and a key rationale for criminalizing usury and regulating interest rates on private lending is that private lending can be a source of criminal activity.In October 2019,the Supreme People’s Court,the Supreme People’s Procuratorate,the Ministry of Public Security,and the Ministry of Justice of the People’s Republic of China issued a notice‘on Opinions on Several Issues Concerning Handling Illegal Lending Criminal Cases’,which defines usury as an illegal business practice.Empirical research methodology requires substantive incrimination of usury as a prerequisite for factual judgments.For the purpose of evaluating whether usury should be criminalized,the factual judgment of whether criminalizing usury reduces the crimes associated with private lending should be used.This paper,based on the criminal judgment data from China Judgements Online and a quasi⁃natural experiment involving the adjustment of private lending interest rate cap and criminalization of usury,uses the difference⁃in⁃differences model to empirically test the influence of private lending and criminalization of usury on private lending⁃related crime.According to the results,private lending is associated with illegal public deposit⁃taking,fund⁃raising fraud,fraud,contract fraud,and gambling.As for the criminalization of usury,it does not reduce the incidence of private lending crimes,but increases the incidence of illegal public deposit⁃taking,fraud,contract fraud,forced trading,and extortion.In addition,empirical research showed that the opening of microfinance companies had a negative impact on the main private lending⁃related crimes and the crimes increased by the criminalization of usury.Compared

关 键 词：民间借贷 法律规制 利率上限调整 高利贷入罪 

分 类 号：F019[经济管理—政治经济学]