贵州省防洪减灾思路与对策研究  

Study on thoughts and measures of flood control and disaster mitigation for Guizhou Province

作　　者：黄火键 徐震 张继昌[1] 田英[1] 杨荣芳 王鼎 HUANG Huojian;XU Zhen;ZHANG Jichang;TIAN Ying;YANG Rongfang;WANG Ding(General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design of Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100120,China;Guizhou Survey and Design Research Institute for Water Resources and Hydropower,Guiyang 550002,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部水利水电规划设计总院,北京100120 [2]贵州省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州贵阳550002

出　　处：《人民长江》2023年第4期15-22,共8页Yangtze River

基　　金：贵州省水安全保障规划项目(2020)。

摘　　要：贵州省独特的地形地貌、气候特征导致该省洪涝灾害频发、洪灾损失严重,亟需系统谋划全省防洪减灾体系,强化洪水调度和风险管理,最大限度减轻洪涝灾害损失。在深入分析贵州省洪涝灾害特征、防洪减灾薄弱环节的基础上,按照“两个坚持、三个转变”的防灾减灾救灾新理念,对标新时期水利高质量发展要求,研究提出了以流域水系为单元推进全局系统治理的思路,给出了“畅泄、增蓄、扩排、联调、控险”多元化防洪举措,明确了流域防洪布局、防洪保护对象和防洪治涝标准,并指出了贵州省未来洪涝灾害防御工作重点。建议从消除防洪工程安全隐患、推进江河防洪治理、加强城市防洪排涝达标提标建设、加强山洪灾害防治、加强涝区排涝达标建设、强化洪水调度与风险管理等方面构建贵州省防洪减灾体系。研究成果可为贵州省进一步完善防洪减灾思路、系统推进现代化防洪减灾体系建设提供参考。The unique landform and climate characteristics of Guizhou Province are the main causes for frequent flood disasters and serious flood losses.It is urgent to systematically plan a provincial flood control and disaster reduction system with strengthening flood regulation and risk management,so that the losses caused by floods can be minimized.In this study,an in-depth analysis was carried out to unveil flood and waterlogging characteristics in Guizhou Province,from which the weaknesses of the current flood control and disaster reduction work was identified.According to the new concept of two adherings and transformation from three aspects for disaster prevention in the new era,and following the requirements for high-quality water resources development in the new era,a way for systematic flood control and disaster reduction across the province with river basin as a unit system was proposed.Diversified flood control measures were developed including unblocking channels,increasing flood storage capacity,enlarging discharge,executing joint scheduling,and controlling risks.The layout of flood control works,objects to be protected against floods,and flood protection standards were also clarified.On this basis,the key points of flood prevention work in the future were pointed out.It is suggested to build a flood control and disaster reduction system in Guizhou Province from the aspects of eliminating potential safety hazards of flood control projects,promoting flood control management of rivers,strengthening the construction of urban flood control and drainage standards,strengthening mountain flood disaster prevention and control,improving the construction of flood drainage standards in waterlogging areas,and strengthening flood dispatch and risk management.The research results can provide reference for further perfecting the ideas of flood control and disaster reduction and building a modernized flood control and disaster reduction system in Guizhou Province.

关 键 词：防洪减灾 防洪标准 防洪保护对象 洪水风险 贵州省 

分 类 号：TV87[水利工程—水利水电工程]