意大利瓦依昂滑坡研究综述  

Review on Vaiont Landslide in Italy

作　　者：肖诗荣 魏瑞琦[1,2] 李莹 杨璇喆[1,2] XIAO Shirong;WEI Ruiqi;LI Ying;YANG Xuanzhe(Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area of Ministry of Education,Yichang 443002,China;College of Civil Engineering and Architecture,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡库区地质灾害教育部重点实验室,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡大学土木与建筑学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《人民长江》2023年第4期130-140,共11页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41272310)。

摘　　要：1963年10月发生的意大利瓦依昂滑坡是水电开发史上的转折点,更是地质灾害研究和防治历史上的新起点。对瓦依昂滑坡的研究进程进行了梳理,归纳和总结了主要研究成果。结果表明:60余年来,关于瓦依昂滑坡的研究取得了丰富的成果,其中对于滑坡地质结构和地质模型形成了基本一致的共识;但学术界对于该滑坡成因、变形机理和高速滑动机理还存在着完全不同的研究结论和假说。对于滑坡成因,主要包括库水为主诱发和降雨为主诱发两种成因机制;对于滑坡启动变形机理,主要有滑带土饱水软化导致抗剪强度衰减进而启动滑坡变形和孔隙水压力作用启动滑坡位移两种观点;而对于滑坡高速滑动机理,主要包括摩擦生热孔隙水增压及汽垫效应,以及滑带峰残强降剧动启程+速度劣化强度复合加速效应两种假说。此外,还对瓦依昂滑坡的进一步研究方向和要点进行了探讨和展望。研究成果可为指导特大灾难性顺层滑坡的预测预警及防治提供参考。The Vaiont Landslide,occurred on October,1963 in Italy,was a turning point in the history of hydropower development,and also a new starting point in the history of geological disaster study and prevention in the world.This paper reviewed on the research process of the Vaiont Landslide,preliminarily summarized the main research results.The research showed that over the past 60 years,abundant achievements have been made in the study of Vaiont Landslide,among which a basic consensus has been formed on the geological structure and geological model of the landslide.However,there were completely different conclusions and hypotheses on the genesis,deformation mechanism and high-speed sliding mechanism of the landslide.As for the causes of landslide,there were two views:reservoir water induced landslide and rain induced landslide.As for the mechanism of landslide initiation deformation,there were two main viewpoints:the shear strength attenuation that was caused by soil saturation softening in sliding zone triggered the landslide deformation,and the action of pore water pressure triggered the landslide displacement.As for the high speed sliding mechanism of landslide,there were two main hypotheses:friction-generated pore water pressurization and steam cushion effect,and the acceleration effect of landslide rapid onset due to peak to residual strength drop+the effect of strength deterioration with speed in slip zone.In addition,the further direction and key points of research for Vaiont Landslide were discussed and prospected.The research results can provide references for the prediction,warning and prevention of extremely catastrophic bedding landslide.

关 键 词：瓦依昂滑坡 滑坡成因 变形机理 高速滑动机理 特大顺层滑坡 

分 类 号：P642.22[天文地球—工程地质学]