功能-敏感性视角下市域生态承载力评价及规划策略研究——以兰州市为例  

Evaluation of ecological carrying capacity and spatial planning strategy based on service function and sensitivity——Taking Lanzhou City as an example

作　　者：邹游 梁浩峰 李桂媛 ZOU You;LIANG Haofeng;LI Guiyuan(School of Civil Engineering,Architecture and Environment,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学土木建筑与环境学院,湖北武汉430068

出　　处：《林业与生态科学》2023年第2期183-194,208,共13页Forestry and Ecological Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52078193);湖北工业大学2022年度博士科研启动基金(BSQD2022034)。

摘　　要：生态承载力是决定区域生态环境政策的基础信息之一,亦是编制国土空间规划和完善空间治理的重要依据。以西北地区经济发展与生态环境矛盾较突出的省会城市兰州为例,选取地表覆盖类型、坡向、坡度、植被覆盖等7个敏感性因子,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,使用GIS对兰州市域内的生态敏感性进行评价和可视化;同时,对区域内2020年的食物生产价值、水资源供给价值、气候调节价值等4大项11小项生态系统服务价值因子进行可视化分析;综合上述生态敏感性和服务功能价值2个影响因素,确定兰州市域生态承载力情况及其空间分布。研究表明:(1)兰州市域整体生态承载力中等偏低,生态承载力中等以上的区域仅占总面积的44.98%;(2)生态承载力高的区域面积占比较小,大致位于山地平原地区,承载力较低的区域面积占比较大,大致分布在河流水网周围;(3)各等级承载力区域空间分布较为均匀,且与同等级敏感性区域空间分布一致性较高,可推断兰州市生态承载力受自然环境因素影响较大。最后,在生态承载力评价结果的基础上,从斑块尺度和区县单元2个层面因地制宜提出兰州市国土空间开发策略,以期为类似的生态环境和经济发展矛盾突出地区的空间规划策略制定提供参考。Ecological carrying capacity was one of the basic information to determine regional ecological and environmental policies,and was also an important basis for formulating territorial spatial planning and improving spatial governance.Taking Lanzhou City,the provincial capital city in northwest China,where the contradiction between economic development and ecological environment was prominent,seven sensitivity factors such as land cover type,slope aspect,slope and vegetation cover were selected.The index weight was determined by AHP,and the ecological sensitivity in Lanzhou City was evaluated and visualized by GIS.At the same time,the visual analysis of four major and eleven minor ecosystem service value factors including food production value,water resource supply value and climate regulation value in the region in 2020 were carried out.The ecological carrying capacity of Lanzhou City and its spatial distribution were determined based on the above two influencing factors:ecological sensitivity and service function value.The results showed that:(1)The overall ecological carrying capacity of Lanzhou City was relatively low,and the area with the ecological carrying capacity above medium only accounted for 44.98%of the total area.(2)The area with high ecological carrying capacity accounted for a relatively small area,mainly located in the mountainous plain area,while the area with low ecological carrying capacity accounted for a relatively large area,mainly distributed around the river network.(3)The spatial distribution of carrying capacity of each level was relatively uniform,and the spatial distribution was consistent with that of sensitive areas of the same level.It could be inferred that the ecological carrying capacity of Lanzhou City was greatly affected by natural environmental factors.Finally,on the basis of the evaluation results of ecological carrying capacity,the strategies of territorial space development in Lanzhou were proposed according to local conditions from patch scale and district and county unit,i

关 键 词：生态承载力 国土空间规划 生态敏感性 生态系统服务价值 GIS空间分析 

分 类 号：TU982[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]