耕地用途管制的法律本位观  

Cultivated Land Use Control from the Perspective of Legal Standard

作　　者：马骁骏 MA Xiaojun(Department of Laws and Regulations,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100812,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部法规司,北京100812

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2023年第3期20-27,共8页China Land Science

摘　　要：研究目的:聚焦耕地用途管制的法律本位问题,从国家利益、社会利益、个人利益等角度进行推演,进而初步凝练耕地用途管制的总体法律本位观,以期为完善相关法律制度提供参考。研究方法:规范分析法、价值分析法、逻辑分析法。研究结果:(1)耕地用途管制法律制度按照管制目标和对象分为三个层次:耕地转为非农用地的用途管制、耕地转为其他农用地的管制以及不改变耕地地类的种植用途管制。(2)耕地用途管制涉及的价值取向和利益主体主要包括:国家利益、社会利益、个体利益,不同层次的用途管制虽均以粮食安全的国家利益为底层逻辑,但体现形式多元。(3)耕地用途管制的总体法律本位观可初步归纳为:以基于粮食安全的国家利益为本位,合理兼顾农产品的供需关系、国家重大项目建设、生态保护等重要社会利益,切实保障耕地权利人承包经营自主权、宅基地需求和粮食主产区居民基本生活福祉等个体利益。研究结论:完善耕地用途管制法律制度应当坚持以粮食安全国家利益为本位,健全社会利益的实现机制,强化个体利益的保障。The purposes of this study are to focus on the legal standard in the legal system of cultivated land use control,and to deduce and demonstrate from the perspectives of national interests,social interests and individual interests,so as to preliminarily put forward the general legal standard view of cultivated land use control and provide a reference for improving the legal system.The research methods include normative analysis,value analysis and logical analysis.The research results show that 1)the legal system of cultivated land use control is divided into three levels according to the objectives and objects,i.e.,the control of non-agricultural land converted from cultivated land,the control of other agricultural land converted from cultivated land,and the control of land for planting purposes without changing cultivated land use type.2)The value orientation and interest subjects involved in cultivated land use control mainly include national interests,social interests and individual interests.Although the national interests of food security are the underlying logic of different levels of the use control,the forms vary.3)The general legal standard of cultivated land use control can be preliminarily summarized as follows.It takes the national interests based on food security as the standard,considers the important social interests,e.g.,the supply and demand of agricultural products,the construction of major national projects and ecological protection,etc.,and effectively protects the individual interests,e.g.,the cultivated land owners’autonomy in contracted management,the demand for rural residential land and the basic well-being of residents in major grain producing areas.In conclusion,to improve the legal system of cultivated land use control,the national interests of food security should be taken as the legal standard,the realization mechanism of social interests should be improved,and the protection of individual interests should be strengthened.

关 键 词：法律本位 耕地用途管制 国家利益 社会利益 个体利益 

分 类 号：D922.3[政治法律—法学]