农民兼业何以影响其耕地质量保护行为?——基于苏、皖、豫、鄂4省农户调查  

How Does Part-time Employment Affect Farmers’Cultivated Land Quality Protection Behavior?Empirical Analysis of Rural Household Survey Data in Jiangsu,Anhui,Henan and Hubei Provinces

作　　者：潘明明 张杰 PAN Mingming;ZHANG Jie(School of Economics and Management,Anhui Polytechnic University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽工程大学经济与管理学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2023年第3期90-100,共11页China Land Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20CRK005);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72273061);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2008085QG342)。

摘　　要：研究目的:基于苏、皖、豫、鄂种植户调查数据,探究兼业对农民耕地质量保护行为影响,为平衡农民非农就业与耕地质量保护关系,提升兼业农民耕地质量保护行为提供参考。研究方法:理论分析、Probit模型。研究结果:(1)兼业抑制农民耕地质量保护行为,且相较资本消耗型耕地质量保护行为,兼业对农民劳动消耗型耕地质量保护行为抑制效应更突出;(2)兼业分化引发农民耕地质量保护行为差异,兼业强度、兼业时间与非农就业稳定性强化兼业对农民耕地质量保护行为负面影响,非农就业灵活性则作用相反;(3)兼业影响农民耕地质量保护行为存在农民个体特征和外部发展条件维度异质性,受农民年龄、文化程度、政治身份、家庭劳动力数、家庭土地规模、耕地权力稳定性预期、土地碎片化程度、是否合作社成员、自然灾害及生产外包便利性等因素调节;(4)兼业农民耕地质量保护行为影响机制包括降低农民农业依赖,削弱农民农业价值感知,缩减农民土地规模,挤占农民农业生产时间、精力及淡化农民耕地保护责任意识等。研究结论:兼业抑制农民耕地质量保护行为,并随兼业农民兼业行为、个体特征、外部发展条件及耕地保护措施特点不同,呈现显著差异性。消除兼业对农民耕地质量保护行为负面影响,应统筹安排相关土地经营制度,培育农业合作、服务主体及创新兼业雇佣模式等。The purpose of this paper are to provide a basis for balancing the relationship between farmers’part-time employment and cultivated land quality protection,and to enhance farmers’cultivated land quality protection behavior.The research methods include theoretical analysis and Probit models based on the survey data from rural households in Jiangsu,Anhui,Henan and Hubei.The results show that:1)part-time employment inhibits farmers’behavior in protecting the quality of cultivated land,and the inhibiting effect is more pronounced for labor-consuming behavior in protecting the quality of cultivated land than for capital-consuming one.2)The differentiation of farmers’part-time employment leads to the difference of farmers’behavior in protecting the quality of cultivated land.Part-time employment intensity,part-time employment duration and off-farm employment stability strengthen the negative effects of part-time employment on farmers’behavior in protecting the quality of cultivated land,while off-farm employment flexibility plays an opposite role.3)The influence of part-time employment on farmers’behavior in protecting the quality of cultivated land also has the heterogeneity of individual characteristics and external development conditions,which is regulated by farmers’age,educational level,political status,number of family workers,size of family land,expectation of stability of power over cultivated land,degree of land fragmentation,whether they are members of cooperatives,natural disasters and the convenience of production outsourcing.4)The mechanisms that influence farmers’behavior in protecting the quality of cultivated land include reducing farmers’agricultural dependence,weakening farmers’perception of agricultural value,reducing the size of farmers’land,crowding out farmers’agricultural production time and energy,and diluting farmers’sense of responsibility for cultivated land protection.In conclusion,part-time employment inhibits farmers’cultivated land quality protection behavior

关 键 词：农民兼业 耕地质量保护行为 兼业分化 异质性 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]