公路隧道群洞口污染物扩散特性与窜流机制研究  

A Study on Diffusion Characteristics and Crossflow Mechanism of Pollutants at the Portals of Highway Tunnel Group

作　　者：朱凯 杨文静[1] 张琼华 刘斌 王强 张欣 吴珂[2,6,7] ZHU Kai;YANG Wenjing;ZHANG Qionghua;LIU Bin;WANG Qiang;ZHANG Xin;WU Ke(College of Quality&Safety Engineering,China Jiliang University,Hangzhou 310018;Center for Balance Architecture,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310007;School of Management,Hunan University of Information Technology,Changsha 410151;School of Public Affairs,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058;School of Electronic Engineering,Xi'an Shiyou University,Xi′an 710065;Engineering Research Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment under Ministry of Education,Zhejiang University,Zhoushan 316021;Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute,Zhengzhou 450000)

机构地区：[1]中国计量大学质量与安全工程学院,杭州310018 [2]浙江大学平衡建筑研究中心,杭州310007 [3]湖南信息学院管理学院,长沙410151 [4]浙江大学公共管理学院,杭州310058 [5]西安石油大学电子工程学院,西安710065 [6]浙江大学海洋感知技术与装备教育部工程研究中心,舟山316021 [7]浙江大学中原研究院,郑州450000

出　　处：《现代隧道技术》2023年第2期212-222,共11页Modern Tunnelling Technology

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY19E080028);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2020JQ-779);陕西省教育厅科研计划项目(20JK0840);宁波市交通运输科技计划项目(202113)。

摘　　要：随着多条隧道洞口近接的公路隧道群数量不断增多,隧道洞口间污染物集聚及交叉影响问题日益突出,然而现有研究中参数范围较小,尚缺乏隧道污染物窜流机制的系统分析。采用CFD模拟结合比尺模型试验研究了公路隧道群洞口污染物扩散过程,分析了20~320 m间距下隧道洞口的污染物扩散流场特征和窜流比变化规律,结合上游射流、下游抽吸影响范围,构建了污染物窜流模型,并得到了可用于工程计算的窜流比经验公式。结果表明:(1)隧道污染物扩散受到上游隧道洞口射流发展和下游隧道抽吸的共同作用。上游隧道污染物扩散符合三维壁面射流理论,开口段各断面的风速、污染物浓度扩展范围及衰减率相近,在分布上满足相似性。下游汇流段长度较短,抽吸未改变上游射流形态。(2)隧道污染物窜流受结构参数L/D(隧道洞口间距/隧道水力直径)和运营参数v_(up)/v_(down)(上下游风速比)的共同影响,两者对窜流的作用相互独立。随L/D增大,窜流比φ_(s)与窜流浓度比φ_(c)同步减小;随v_(up)/v_(down)的增大,φ_(s)先保持不变后逐步减小,而φ_(c)则先增大后趋于稳定,且该规律并不受隧道断面形式影响。(3)研究构建的窜流比经验公式,与已有研究吻合良好,且适用范围更广泛。With the increase in highway tunnel groups with multiple tunnel portals in close proximity,there has been a more and more prominent problem of pollutants gathering and cross-impact between tunnel portals.Howev⁃er,parameters in extant studies are of a narrow range and there is a lack of systematic analyses of the crossflow mechanism of tunnel pollutants.The study uses CFD simulation and scale model test to investigate the process of pollutant diffusion at the portals of highway tunnel group,and analyzes the flow field characteristics of pollutant dif⁃fusion and the changing pattern of crossflow ratio at the tunnel portals with 20~320 m spacing.The impact range of upstream jet and downstream suction are also taken into account,a pollutant crossflow model is constructed,and an empirical formula of crossflow ratio is obtained applicable for engineering calculation.The results show that:(1)The diffusion of tunnel pollutants is affected by the joint action of jet development at the upstream tunnel portal and suc⁃tion at the downstream tunnel.The diffusion of upstream tunnel pollutants is in line with the 3D wall jet theory,and the wind speed,expansion range,and decay rate of pollutant concentration of each section at the portal section are similar and satisfy the standard for similarity in terms of distribution.The length of the downstream convergence sec⁃tion is short and the suction does not change the morphology of the upstream jet.(2)The crossflow of tunnel pollut⁃ants is affected by the joint action of the structural parameter L/D(tunnel portal spacing/tunnel hydraulic diameter)and the operational parameter v_(up)/v_(down)(upstream and downstream wind speed ratio),both of which act independently of each other on the crossflow.As L/D increases,the crossflow ratioφ_(s)and the crossflow concentration ratioφ_(c)de⁃crease together.When v_(up)/v_(down)increases,φ_(s)first stays constant before decreasing gradually,whileφ_(c)first increases before stabilizing.This pattern is not affected by the form of th

关 键 词：连续隧道 计算流体动力学(CFD) 流动特征 窜流机制 数学模型 污染物扩散 

分 类 号：U453.1[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程] U453.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]