一种用于滚动轴承故障诊断的脉冲增强提取方法  

A pulse enhancement extraction method for fault diagnosis of rolling bearing

作　　者：冯坤[1,2] 李业政 胡明辉 FENG Kun;LI Ye-zheng;HU Ming-hui(Key Lab of Engine Health Monitoring-Control and Networking of Ministry of Education,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China;Beijing Key Laboratory of High-end Mechanical Equipment Health Monitoring and Self-recovery,Beijing University of Chemical Technology,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学发动机健康监控及网络化教育部重点实验室,北京100029 [2]北京化工大学高端机械装备健康监控与自愈化北京市重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《振动工程学报》2023年第2期582-592,共11页Journal of Vibration Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1708257)。

摘　　要：针对齿轮箱滚动轴承发生故障时,其故障脉冲被强烈干扰信号湮没而导致故障特征难以提取的难题,提出了基于脉冲增强提取的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。基于表征故障脉冲周期性的包络谱,构建了能指示振动信号中故障脉冲强度的脉冲提取算子(PEO);考虑到微弱故障信号特征增强的需求,结合最小熵解卷积(MED)构造了脉冲增强提取算子指标(PEEO),用于评价MED不同滤波长度对故障脉冲增强的效果;构建基于MED滤波长度、脉冲频率以及PEEO的三维滤波模型,利用三维滤波谱PEEO峰值定位MED最优滤波长度并指示脉冲增强信号特征频率,获取最优脉冲增强信号的同时实现齿轮箱滚动轴承故障特征的提取。仿真分析和实验验证结果表明,该方法可以有效增强轴承故障脉冲,并在最优脉冲增强信号PEEO幅值谱中呈现显著的轴承故障特征,实现了齿轮箱滚动轴承微弱故障的诊断,且与典型方法相比具有明显优势。When the rolling bearing of the gearbox failed,the fault pulse is annihilated by the strong interference signals,which makes it difficult to extract the fault characteristics.To solve this dilemma,a fault diagnosis method of rolling bearing based on pulse enhancement extraction is proposed.Based on the envelope spectrum that characterized the periodicity of the fault pulse,a Pulse Extraction Operator index(PEO)is constructed to evaluate the strength of the fault pulse in the vibration signal.Taking the need for enhancement of the weak fault signal features into account,a Pulse Enhancement Extraction Operator index(PEEO)is constructed combined with the Minimum Entropy Deconvolution(MED),which can evaluate the effect of different MED filter lengths on fault pulse enhancement.Then a three-dimensional filter model based on MED filter length,pulse frequency and PEEO is formed.With the PEEO peak value,the optimal filter length of the MED and the characteristic frequency of the pulse-enhanced signal can be located,and the fault features of gearbox rolling bearing can be extracted while obtaining the optimal pulse enhance⁃ment signal.Simulation analysis and experimental verification results show that this method can effectively enhance the pulse of bearing fault,and present significant bearing fault characteristics in the PEEO amplitude spectrum of the optimal pulse enhance⁃ment signal,so as to realize the diagnosis of weak fault of gearbox rolling bearing.The comparison also shows the advantages.

关 键 词：故障诊断 滚动轴承 脉冲增强提取 最小熵解卷积(MED) 最优滤波 

分 类 号：TH165.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH133.33