藜麦副产物常规养分与抗营养因子的检测及饲用价值评价  

Detection of conventional nutrients and anti-nutritional factors in quinoa byproducts,and evaluation of their feeding value

作　　者：江小帆 杨发荣 魏玉明 吴涛 蔡原 焦婷[4] 黄杰 赵生国 JIANG Xiaofan;YANG Farong;WEI Yuming;WU Tao;CAI Yuan;JIAO Ting;HUANG Jie;ZHAO Shengguo(Dingxi Lintao Agricultural School,Dingxi 730500,Gansu,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Scinece,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]定西市临洮农业学校,甘肃定西730500 [2]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃农业大学草业学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业科学》2023年第3期806-814,共9页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划(2021CYZC-39);中央引导地方科技发展专项“特色藜麦产业培育及科技扶贫模式推广”;甘肃省科协学会助力精准扶贫项目(甘科协学20190002)。

摘　　要：为评价藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa)副产物秕谷、麸皮、糠和秸秆的饲用价值,测定其常规养分和抗营养因子及含量,并与苜蓿(Medicago sativa)干草、青贮玉米(Zea mays)进行比较。结果表明:1)秕谷中粗蛋白(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)含量极显著高于糠、麸皮及秸秆(P<0.01),且秕谷中CP含量高于苜蓿干草和青贮玉米,糠、麸皮中CP含量高于青贮玉米,藜麦各副产物中EE含量均高于苜蓿干草和青贮玉米;秸秆中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量极显著高于秕谷、糠和麸皮(P<0.01),而在秕谷、糠、麸皮均低于苜蓿干草和玉米青贮;藜麦秕谷、糠和麸皮中总可消化养分(TDN)和相对饲用价值(RFV)均高于藜麦秸秆、苜蓿干草和青贮玉米。2)糠和秕谷中常春藤型和齐墩果酸型皂苷均极显著高于麸皮和秸秆(P<0.01),且秸秆中两种皂苷含量最低;秸秆NSP中葡萄糖、半乳糖和木糖3种单糖的含量均极显著高于秕谷、麸皮和糠(P<0.01)。3)糠、麸皮和秸秆中植酸含量极显著高于秕谷(P<0.01),而糠中单宁含量极显著高于麸皮、秸秆和秕谷(P<0.01)。灰色关联度综合评价结果显示,藜麦不同副产物的关联值排序为秕谷>麸皮>糠>秸秆。综上,藜麦副产物秕谷、麸皮、糠和秸秆饲用优势明显,且饲用价值表现为秕谷>麸皮>糠>秸秆。To evaluate the feeding value of Chenopodium quinoa byproducts,such as blighted grain,chaff,bran,and straw,conventional nutrients contents and anti-nutritional factors in the byproducts were measured and compared with the data of alfalfa hay and corn silage.The results showed the following:1)The crude protein and crude fat contents of blighted grain were significantly higher than those of chaff,bran,and straw(P<0.01);the crude protein content of the blighted grain was higher than that of alfalfa hay and corn silage;the crude protein content of chaff and bran was higher than that of corn silage;and the ether extract content of the byproducts of quinoa was higher than that of alfalfa hay and corn silage.The neutral detergent fibers and acid detergent fibers contents of straw were significantly higher than those of blighted grain,chaff,and bran(P<0.01)and those of blighted grain,chaff,and bran were lower than those of alfalfa hay and corn silage.The total digestible nutrients and relative feed value of quinoa blighted grain,chaff,and bran were higher than those of quinoa straw,alfalfa hay,and corn silage.2)Ivy and oleanolic acid saponins contents of blighted grains and chaff were significantly higher than those of bran and straw(P<0.01),and the contents of the two types of saponins of straw were the lowest.The glucose,galactose,and xylose contents of straw were significantly higher than those of blighted grains,bran,and chaff(P<0.01).3)The phytic acid content of chaff,bran,and straw was significantly higher than that of blighted grains(P<0.01),and the tannin content of chaff was significantly higher than that of bran,straw,and blighted grains(P<0.01).According to the comprehensive evaluation of the gray correlation degree,the correlation values of different quinoa byproducts were listed as chaff>bran>bran>straw.In summary,the feeding advantage of quinoa byproducts,such as blighted grain,bran,chaff,and straw,is obvious,and the order is blighted grain>bran>chaff>straw.

关 键 词：干物质采食量 总可消化养分 粗饲料相对值 高效液相色谱 皂苷 非淀粉多糖 灰色关联度 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]