工作记忆负荷对不同运动水平大学生时空知觉的影响:来自脑电研究的证据  

Effects of Working Memory Load on Spatiotemporal Perception in College Students with Different Motor Levels:Evidence From EEG Studies

作　　者：雷珊 黄文英[1] LEI Shan;HUANG Wen-ying(School of Physical Education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学体育学院,江西南昌330022

出　　处：《福建体育科技》2023年第2期45-50,共6页Fujian Sports Science and Technology

基　　金：2021年江西省教育厅研究生创新基金项目,项目号:YJS2021075。

摘　　要：不同运动水平大学生的时空知觉能力对运动表现及运动成绩有重要意义,采用双任务(工作记忆任务×时/空间任务)范式,设置无、低、高记忆负荷三种条件,同时考查工作记忆负荷对不同运动水平大学生时空知觉的影响及脑机制特征。行为结果显示:(1)高水平大学生在无记忆负荷下复制2000ms的误差显著小于普通大学生,且在高记忆负荷下复制2000ms的误差显著小于体育大学生。(2)高记忆负荷下高水平大学生正确率达100%,且低记忆负荷左下视野反应时显著短于体育大学生;普通大学生的反应时显著短于体育大学生。脑电结果显示:(1)体育大学生在低记忆负荷下的CNV、P300波幅显著小于高记忆负荷,且无记忆负荷下的CNV潜伏期显著短于低、高记忆负荷;(2)P1潜伏期受记忆负荷影响主效应显著,高记忆负荷比低、无记忆负荷P1潜伏期都要短。普通大学生的N1潜伏期比体育大学生要短。高水平大学生无记忆负荷诱发的P300潜伏期比高记忆负荷要短,普通大学生低记忆负荷诱发的P300潜伏期比高记忆负荷要短。结论:(1)较于普通、体育大学生,高水平大学生时间知觉稳定性更好;高水平大学生在空间选择速度与准确性上,优先选择了准确性,而普通大学生优先选择了速度,高水平大学生心理能力节省化优势明显;(2)CNV、P300可作为工作记忆负荷干扰时间知觉准确性的良好指标;P1、N1、P300可作为工作记忆负荷干扰空间知觉选择反应能力的良好指标。The spatiotemporal perception ability of college students with different sports levels is of great significance to sports performance and performance,and the dual-task(working memory task×time/space task)paradigm is adopted,and the three conditions of none,low and high memory load are set,and the influence of working memory load on the spatiotemporal perception and brain mechanism characteristics of college students with different sports levels are examined.The behavioral results showed that:(1)The error of copying 2000ms under no memory load of high-level college students was significantly smaller than that of ordinary college students,and the error of copying 2000ms under high memory load was significantly smaller than that of sports college students.(2)The accuracy rate of high-level college students under high memory load reached 100%,and the response of low memory load left lower visual field was significantly shorter than that of sports college students;The response of ordinary college students is significantly shorter than that of sports college students.The EEG results showed that:(1)the fluctuation amplitudes of CNV and P300 under low memory load were significantly smaller than those of high memory load,and the incubation period of CNV without memory load was significantly shorter than that of low and high memory load;(2)The P1 latency period is significantly affected by memory load,and the P1 latency period with high memory load ratio and no memory load is shorter.The N1 incubation period is shorter for regular college studstudents than for sports college students.The incubation period of P300 induced by no memory load in high-level college students is shorter than that of high memory load,and the latency period of P300 induced by low memory load in ordinary college students is shorter than that of high memory load.Conclusions:(1)Compared with ordinary and sports college students,high-level college students have better time perception stability;High-level college students gave preference to accuracy in

关 键 词：工作记忆负荷 运动水平 时空知觉 CNV P1 N1 P300 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]