乌兰察布市风蚀沙化区防护林防风效能及风蚀量研究  

Research on Wind Prevention Efficiency and Wind Erosion of Shelterbelt in Wind Erosion and Desertification Area of Wulanchabu City

作　　者：田稼穑 Tian Jiase(Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Science of Wulanchabu City,Wulanchabu 012000,China)

机构地区：[1]乌兰察布市农林科学研究所,内蒙古乌兰察布012000

出　　处：《防护林科技》2023年第3期11-13,18,共4页Protection Forest Science and Technology

摘　　要：在乌兰察布市兴和县境内,选择5个推广示范点营建防护林,开展风蚀沙化区防护林防风效能及风蚀量研究。结果表明:在林带背风面25 m外,随着距离的增加,防风效能呈现减弱趋势;在林带背风面5~25 m内的风速比旷野平均降低15.1%左右,防风效能平均提高了17.92%。林带后比林带前风蚀量都明显减少,减少量依次为小红土夭南推广点>旧国道东坡推广点>阳坡行政村和小红土夭北推广点>旧国道西坡推广点。钢钎读数平均值林带前为-6.0 mm,林地后为-2.6 mm,林带后比林带前减少了3.4 mm,单位面积风蚀量平均值林带前为162.0 t·km^(-2),林带后为70.2 t·km^(-2),林带后比林带前减少了91.8 t·km^(-2)。营建防护林可以较好地阻滞气流流动而降低风速、削弱风能,并且能较好地减少土壤风蚀。In Xinghe County of Wulanchabu City,five demonstration sites were selected to build shelter forest and wind prevention efficiency and wind erosion of shelterbelt in wind erosion and desertification area was studied.The results showed that in the 25 m outside leeward side of the forest belt,the wind prevention efficiency took on a weakening trend with the increase of distance;the wind speed in the 5-25 m leeward side of the forest belt decreased by 15.1%on average,compared with the open field,and the wind protection efficiency increased by 17.92%.The wind erosion amount behind the forest belt significantly reduced than that in front of the forest belt,and the reduction of the wind erosion of the five demonstration sites was in the following order:the southern extension of little red earth>the eastern slope of the old national road>the sunny slope administrative village and the northern extension of little red earth>the western slope of the old national road.The average of steel brazing reading of the five demonstration sites was -6.0 mm in front of the forest belt and-2.6 mm behind the forest belt which was 3.4 mm less.The average of wind erosion per unit area was 162.0 t·km^(-2) in front of the forest belt,70.2 t·km^(-2) behind the forest belt which was 91.8 t·km^(-2) less.Building the shelterbelt can block the airflow,reduce the wind speed,weaken the wind energy,and reduce the effect of soil wind erosion.

关 键 词：风蚀沙化 防护林 风速 防风效能 

分 类 号：S[农业科学]