论遗产管理人失职损害赔偿责任  

On the Liability of Estate Administrators for Damages for Failure to Perform Duties

作　　者：杨立新 Yang Lixin

机构地区：[1]广东财经大学法学院,广东广州510320

出　　处：《湖湘法学评论》2023年第2期21-33,共13页HUXIANG LAW REVIEW

基　　金：北京市社会科学研究基金重点研究项目:民法典实施中的疑难问题研究(21FXA004)。

摘　　要：《民法典》第一次规定了遗产管理人制度,第1148条专门规定了遗产管理人失职损害赔偿责任。基于遗嘱人或者继承人委托的代理关系时,该损害赔偿责任为违约责任或侵权责任;基于遗产管理人与其他利害关系人享有的债权的不可侵关系时,该损害赔偿责任为侵权责任。其责任构成要件有四:一是遗产管理人有违反管理职责的行为,二是遗产利害关系人权益受到损害,三是遗产管理人失职行为与遗产利害关系人权益损害有因果关系,四是遗产管理人有过错。请求权主体包括继承人、受遗赠人、债权人等其他遗产利害关系人。赔偿范围依据《民法典》第1184条确定,赔偿方法依据遗产管理人的身份进行区分,共同遗产管理人承担连带责任或按份责任。Article 1148 of the Civil Code establishes for the first time the liability of the administrator of the estate for damages for breach of duty.The liability for damages is in breach of contract or in tort when it is based on the agency relationship entrusted by the testator or the heirs,and in tort when it is based on the inviolable relationship between the administrator of the estate and the claims of other interested parties.The elements of liability include 4 aspects.Firstly,the administrator has committed a breach of administrative duties.Secondly,the rights and interests of the estate stakeholders are harmed.Thirdly,there is a causal relationship between the dereliction of duty of the administrator and the damage to the rights and interests of the stakeholders of the estate.Fourthly,the administrator is at fault.The subject of the claim includes the heirs,legatees,creditors and other interested parties of the estate;the scope of compensation is determined in accordance with Article 1184 of the Civil Code;the method of compensation is differentiated according to the identity of the administrator of the estate;the joint administrators of the estate are jointly and severally liable or jointly and severally liable.

关 键 词：继承 遗产管理人 违反职责 损害赔偿责任 法律适用方法 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]