Experimental Evaluation of Trilateration-Based Outdoor Localizationwith LoRaWAN  

作　　者：Saeed Ahmed Magsi Mohd Haris Bin Md Khir Illani Bt Mohd Nawi Muath Al Hasan Zaka Ullah Fasih Ullah Khan Abdul Saboor Muhammad Aadil Siddiqui 

机构地区：[1]Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Seri Iskandar,32610,Malaysia [2]Balochistan University of Information Technology,Engineering,and Management Sciences,Quetta,37500,Pakistan [3]College of Engineering,Al Ain University,Al Ain,64141,United Arab Emirates [4]Department of Technology,The University of Lahore,Lahore,54000,Pakistan [5]High Performance Cloud Computing Centre(HPC3),Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS,Seri Iskandar,32610,Malaysia

出　　处：《Computers, Materials & Continua》2023年第4期845-862,共18页计算机、材料和连续体（英文）

基　　金：the ADEK Award for Research Excellence (AARE19-245)2019.

摘　　要：Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) in the Internet ofThings (IoT) domain has been the subject of interest for researchers. Thereis an increasing demand to localize these IoT devices using LoRaWAN dueto the quickly growing number of IoT devices. LoRaWAN is well suited tosupport localization applications in IoTs due to its low power consumptionand long range. Multiple approaches have been proposed to solve the localizationproblem using LoRaWAN. The Expected Signal Power (ESP) basedtrilateration algorithm has the significant potential for localization becauseESP can identify the signal’s energy below the noise floor with no additionalhardware requirements and ease of implementation. This research articleoffers the technical evaluation of the trilateration technique, its efficiency,and its limitations for the localization using LoRa ESP in a large outdoorpopulated campus environment. Additionally, experimental evaluations areconducted to determine the effects of frequency hopping, outlier removal, andincreasing the number of gateways on localization accuracy. Results obtainedfrom the experiment show the importance of calculating the path loss exponentfor every frequency to circumvent the high localization error because ofthe frequency hopping, thus improving the localization performance withoutthe need of using only a single frequency.

关 键 词：LoRaWAN LOCALIZATION expected signal power(ESP) path loss exponent(PLE) TRILATERATION 

分 类 号：TP393.2[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]