微生物固定化技术及其强化生物脱氮研究进展  

Research progress on microbial immobilization technology and its enhanced biological nitrogen removal

作　　者：慕浩 胡凯耀 朱红娟 彭钰卓 王倩[1] 王亚娥[1] 李杰[1,2] MU Hao;HU Kaiyao;ZHU Hongjuan;PENG Yuzhuo;WANG Qian;WANG Yae;LI Jie(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Membrane Science and Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省膜科学技术研究院有限公司,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《工业水处理》2023年第4期28-35,共8页Industrial Water Treatment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51768032)。

摘　　要：许多研究致力于用生物脱氮技术去除污染水体中的氮。微生物固定化是采用物理或化学的方法,将微生物截留在某一特定区域的技术。该技术既可保证功能微生物在适宜条件下快速增殖,使其具有较高的抵御外界不利环境因素的优势,同时可提高功能微生物与本土微生物的竞争力。生物脱氮技术与微生物固定化技术相结合具有很大的应用潜力。综述了几种传统微生物固定化方法和新型微生物固定化方法的分类、原理、优缺点、应用范围及前景。在此基础上,以凝胶包埋法为例,介绍了微生物固定化技术强化生物脱氮的机理,如为微生物提供相应保护,加快微生物生长富集速度,在凝胶球内外形成不同浓度的溶解氧,以及额外提供功能微生物和营养物质等。以凝胶包埋法加快厌氧氨氧化菌生长富集速度,利用凝胶球内外溶解氧浓度差实现短程硝化-厌氧氨氧化为实例进行阐述。最后对微生物固定化技术强化生物脱氮目前存在的问题进行总结并提出展望,开发成本低廉且稳定性强的固定化材料具有重要意义。Many studies have been devoted to remove nitrogen from polluted water bodies by biological nitrogen re⁃moval techniques.Immobilization is a technique that uses a physical or chemical method to trap microorganisms in a specific area.The technique ensures rapid proliferation of microorganisms under suitable conditions,giving them the advantage against external adverse environmental factors,while improving the competitiveness of functional mi⁃croorganisms with local microorganisms.The combination of biological nitrogen removal technology and microbial immobilization technology has great potential for application.The classification,principles,advantages and disad⁃vantages,application and prospects of several traditional and new microbial immobilization methods were reviewed.On the basis,the mechanism of enhanced biological nitrogen removal by by gel embedding method in microbial im⁃mobilization technology were introduced,such as providing protection for microorganisms,accelerating the growth and enrichment rate of microorganisms,forming different concentrations of dissolved oxygen inside and outside the bulb,and providing additional functional microorganisms and nutrients.The gel embedding method was used as an example to illustrate the accelerated growth and enrichment of Anammox bacteria,and partial nitrificationanammox by using the difference in dissolved oxygen between the inside and outside of the bulb.Finally,the cur⁃rent problems of microbial immobilization technology to enhance biological nitrogen removal were summarized and the prospect was proposed.It is important to develop low-cost and stable immobilization materials.

关 键 词：固定化 微生物 生物脱氮 凝胶包埋法 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]