粤港澳大湾区公共卫生区际法律冲突的调适逻辑  

Solution to Inter-regional Conflicts of Public Health Laws in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

作　　者：冯泽华 Feng Zehua

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学粤港澳大湾区协同治理与法治保障研究中心 [2]广东工业大学数字经济与数据治理重点实验室 [3]广东工业大学法学院

出　　处：《港澳研究》2023年第1期66-79,95,共15页Hong Kong and Macao Journal

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届六中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目“落实中央对特别行政区全面管治权研究”(项目编号:22ZDA124)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在“一国两制三法系”的法秩序下,粤港澳三地分别适用不同的公共卫生法律规范,造成大湾区公共卫生事务缺乏统一的规则体系,进而诱发公共卫生区际法律冲突,直接弱化粤港澳三地协同抗击全球性疫情的实效。在“合作型法治”的驱动下,粤港澳主要采取软法方式推动大湾区公共卫生法治协同建设,力求优化三地公共卫生规范资源的配置,但面临约束力不足的现实束缚,立法协同整体处于松散状态。为此,宜从三个方面调适大湾区公共卫生区际法律冲突:首先,由回应型立法理念向“预防—回应”型立法理念转变。其次,因应公共卫生法治协同的精细化要求,应确立“详尽型为主、纲领型为辅”的立法形式。最后,围绕“规范基础+区际行政协议+区域示范法”健全协同型立法体系。Under the model of“One Country,Two Systems,”Guangdong,Hong Kong,and Macao each apply a different legal system,including that for public health.This has led to inconsistency in health governance in the Greater Bay Area that brings out the inter-regional conflicts of public health laws,reducing the effect on the joint fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.Embracing a cooperative rule of law approach,the three regions seek to introduce soft laws to establish common legal safeguards for public health that ensure a rational resource allocation.However,as legally non-binding instruments,these soft laws fail to build a strong synergy.The article thus provides a solution to the inter-regional conflicts of public health laws in the Greater Bay Area.Firstly,the legislative philosophy shall shift from responsive legislation to prevention and response;Secondly,more public health laws shall offer detailed provisions rather than establish a mere framework;Thirdly,the coordinated legislation system shall be improved by incorporating basic standards,inter-regional administrative agreements,and regional model laws.

关 键 词：粤港澳大湾区 公共卫生 区际法律冲突 全面管治权 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]