椭圆轴承-不对中转子系统的动力学特性分析  

Dynamic Analysis of Misalignment-Elliptical Bearing Rotor System

作　　者：李成功 赵道利[1] 江玉森 孙维鹏[1] LI Chenggong;ZHAO Daoli;JIANG Yusen;SUN Weipeng(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China;Dongfang Turbine co.,LTD.,Deyang 618000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学,省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]东方汽轮机有限公司,四川德阳618000

出　　处：《机械设计与研究》2023年第1期36-41,47,共7页Machine Design And Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52179089);国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(51839010)。

摘　　要：转子轴承系统在高速旋转中受到质量偏心、转轴不对中等影响时,容易造成转轴与轴瓦直接接触,导致轴瓦磨损变形为非圆状,对油膜稳定和系统运行状态产生影响。通过分析椭圆轴承-转子系统不对中故障的振动特性发现:低转速下的轴心轨迹呈“内凹”状,随着转速的增大,振动响应变得复杂;不对中量逐渐增大时,出现较多的低倍频分量和幅值较大的二倍频分量,较小不对中偏角的改变可以近似认为不对中平行量的变化;随着质量偏心的增大,系统响应出现多种倍频分量变化,在过渡区域内的运动形态比较复杂。通过实验分析,低转速下的实验结果易受实验台本身的影响;系统存在单一故障时,振动幅值和二倍频幅值波动较小;多故障同时发生时,高转速下的转子振动幅值和二倍频幅值异常增大。对比发现实验验证的不对中早期故障特性与仿真结论相符,可为早期故障诊断和系统优化提供基础的理论依据。When the rotor bearing system is moderately affected by mass eccentricity and rotating shaft misalignment during high-speed rotation,it is easy to cause direct contact between the rotating shaft and the bearing bush,resulting in non-circular wear and deformation of the bearing bush,which will affect the oil film stability and system operation status.By analyzing the vibration characteristics of the misalignment fault of the elliptical bearing rotor system,it is found that the axis trajectory at low speed is"concave",and the vibration response becomes complex with the increase of speed.When the misalignment increases gradually,there are more low frequency doubling components and double frequency components with larger amplitude.The change of small misalignment angle can be approximately regarded as the change of misalignment parallelism.With the increase of mass eccentricity,multiple frequency doubling components change in the system response,and the motion shape in the transition region is more complex.Through the experimental analysis,the experimental results at low speed are easily affected by the test-bed itself.When there is a single fault in the system,the fluctuation of vibration amplitude and double frequency amplitude is small.When multiple faults occur at the same time,the rotor vibration amplitude and double frequency amplitude increase abnormally at high speed.It is found that the early fault characteristics of misalignment verified by the experiment are consistent with the simulation conclusions,which can provide a basic theoretical basis for early fault diagnosis and system optimization.

关 键 词：转子-轴承系统 非圆轴承 不对中 质量不平衡 实验验证 

分 类 号：TH133.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]