发酵菌剂对牛粪好氧发酵过程及抗盐碱菌剂的影响  

Effect of Microbial Agents on Aerobic Fermentation and Salt and Alkali Resistant Bacteria of Cow Manure

作　　者：张玉凤[1] 田慎重[1] 岳寿松[2] 宋效宗[1] 王梅[1] 边文范[1] 董亮[1] ZHANG Yufeng;TIAN Shenzhong;YUE Shousong;SONG Xiaozong;WANG Mei;BIAN Wenfan;DONG Liang(Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Environmental Protection Fertilizers,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition,Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture,State key Laboratory of Nutvient Use and Management,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science,Ji'nan,Shandong 250100,China;Bio-Tech Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ji'nan,Shandong 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室,农业部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室,山东省植物营养与肥料重点实验室,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2023年第3期75-81,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0501401);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019XM002);山东省重大科技创新工程计划(2019JZZY010701-2);山东省渤海粮仓科技示范工程(2019BHLC002)。

摘　　要：为评价本课题组筛选的发酵菌剂对牛粪发酵过程及抗盐碱菌剂活性的影响,采用槽式好氧堆肥方法,通过设置牛粪+辅料(T1)、牛粪+辅料+发酵菌剂Ⅰ+功能菌剂(T2)、牛粪+辅料+发酵菌剂Ⅱ+功能菌剂(T3)三个处理,以发酵温度、发芽指数等为无害化评价指标,研究发酵过程中有机碳、腐植酸、氮磷钾等的变化规律及抗盐碱菌剂存活率。结果表明:(1)接种发酵菌剂Ⅰ和发酵菌剂Ⅱ达到50℃的时间比不接种菌剂提前4 d,50℃以上高温维持时间延长6 d,高温持续期为21 d,最高温度提高12.63℃~13.6℃;(2)发酵22 d时接种发酵菌剂处理的发芽指数均高于85%;(3)接种发酵菌剂处理的总腐植酸含量高于不接种菌剂处理;(4)从保存有机碳、腐植酸、氮磷钾养分含量方面考虑,发酵时间最长为27d;(5)T2和T3处理的抗盐碱菌剂的有效活菌数在48 d达到0.4×10^(8)/g以上,符合NY884-2012生物有机肥中的标准。综上所述,两种发酵菌剂均能提高牛粪发酵速度,有利于堆肥腐熟及无害化。发酵菌剂未影响抗盐碱菌剂的繁殖生长,发酵产物适合作为生产生物有机肥的原料。The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of microbial agent selected by the research team on aerobic fermentation and anti-salt and alkali bacteria of cow manure.Three treatments including cow manure+excipients(T1),cow manure+excipients+fermentation bacteria I+functional bacteria(T2),cow manure+excipients+fermentation bacteria II+functional bacteria(T3)were designed under the aerobic composting method.The changes of organic carbon content,humic acid,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,and the survival rate of saline alkali resistant bacteria were analyzed using the harmless evaluation indexes including fermentation temperature,germination index(GI)and so on during the groove composting process.The results showed that(1)the time for inoculant microbial agent Ⅰ and Ⅱ reaching 50℃ was 4 days ahead of the agent with inoculation.The maintaining temperature at 50℃ was extended for 6 days.The high temperature maintained for 21 days,and the maximum temperature increased by 12.63℃~13.6℃;(2)The GI was more than 85% after 22 days composting under the inoculated treatments;(3)The total humic acid content of inoculated treatment was higher than that of CK;(4)The longest fermentation time was 27 days according to the content changes of organic carbon content,humic acid,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium;(5)The effective live bacteria of treatment T2 and T3 were more than 4.0×10^(7) CFU/g at 48 d,which met the standard of biological organic fertilizer(NY884-2012).In conclusion,two fermentation microbial agents can improve the fermentation speed of cow manure,which is conducive to compost maturity and harmlessness.The growth of anti-salt and alkali bacteria in composting is not affected by the microbial fermentation agent application,and the composting is suitable as materials for the production of biological organic fertilizer.

关 键 词：牛粪 好氧发酵 发酵菌剂 抗盐碱菌剂 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学] X713[农业科学—畜牧兽医]