牛粪传统堆肥工艺降低重金属铜、锌活性的研究  

Study on Reducing the Activity of Heavy Metals Copper and Zinc by Traditional Composting Process of Cow Dung

作　　者：王振 韩永胜 张淑芬 WANG Zhen;HAN Yongsheng;ZHANG Shufen(Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qiqihaer,Heilongjiang 161000,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院畜牧兽医分院,黑龙江齐齐哈尔161000

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2023年第3期82-86,共5页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系资助(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：为了降低有机肥还田使用中重金属的影响,为基础条件较差的中小型养殖场和养殖户等提供高效易行的堆肥工艺,试验以肉牛粪为研究对象,设置翻堆条件和堆肥时间两个因素,测定不同处理重金属铜、锌各形态质量分数的变化,并进行理化指标和种子发芽率的测定。结果表明:翻堆条件对铜的钝化影响显著(P<0.05),钝化率达47.51%~67.95%;翻堆条件和堆肥时间对锌的钝化影响显著(P<0.05),钝化率达12.79%~25.58%;堆肥对重金属的钝化伴随着整个堆肥过程,堆肥前期合理的翻堆有利于调节堆体的温度和pH,保证堆体氧气充足,有利于可交换态向氧化态和还原态转化,堆肥后期生成的腐殖质与重金属络合,有利于可交换态向氧化态转化。In order to reduce the impact of heavy metals in the use of organic fertilizer,and provide an efficient and easy composting process for small and medium-sized farms and farmers with poor basic conditions,the experiment took cow dung as the research object,and set two factors,namely,turning conditions and composting time,then measured the changes of mass fractions of various forms of copper and zinc in different treatments.Finally the physical and chemical indexes and seed germination rate were determined.The results showed that the effect of turning conditions on copper passivation was significant(P<0.05),with the passivation rate being 47.51%~67.95%.The effect of turning conditions and composting time on the passivation of zinc was significant(P<0.05),and the passivation rate was 12.79%~25.58%.The passivation of heavy metals by composting continued in the whole process.Reasonable turning in the early stage of composting is conducive to adjusting the temperature and pH of the compost,ensuring sufficient oxygen in it,which is conducive to the transformation from exchangeable state to oxidation state and reduction state.The humus generated in the later stage is complexed with heavy metals,which is conducive to the transformation from exchangeable state to oxidation state.

关 键 词：堆肥 钝化 重金属 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学] S143.7[农业科学—畜牧兽医]