现代汉语“过头”的共时描写及其主观超量结构的历时生成  

The synchronic description of“Guo tou”(“过头”)in modern Chinese and the diachronic generation of its subjective excess structure

作　　者：边婷婷 BIAN Ting-ting(Shandong University,Jinan 250100 China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学国际教育学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《新余学院学报》2023年第2期85-92,共8页Journal of Xinyu University

摘　　要：采用共时与历时相结合、宏观描写与微观分析相结合的研究方法,通过检索语料库,对现代汉语中的“过头”用法进行共时描写与历时梳理。在共时层面上,将汉语同形异类多义结构“过头”辨析为结构“V+过+头_(1)”、名词“过头_(2)”、短语词“过头_(3)”,从语义维度出发将表示超过一定程度或限度的“过头_(3)”界定为主观超量义结构。在历时层面上,聚焦于主观超量结构“过头_(3)”,构拟出该结构的句法发展过程:独立作谓语→定中结构→补语结构,探寻出“过头_(3)”主观超量程度义的获得机制:“过头_(3)”通过隐喻实现了从具象空间域的“超量”向时间域,再向抽象程度域的“超量”跨域投射,呈现了从客观到主观、具象到抽象、精确到模糊的衍生特点。Using a research method that combines synchronic and diachronic methods,macro description and micro analysis,this paper conducts a synchronic description and diachronic review of the usage of“Guo tou”in modern Chinese through searching a corpus.At the synchronic level,this paper distinguishes the Chinese homologous and heterogeneous polysemous structure“Guo tou”as the structure“V+Guo+Tou^(1)”(“V+过+头1”),the noun“Guo tou_(2)”(“过头_(2)”)and the phrase“Guo tou_(3)”(“过头_(3)”).From the semantic dimension,it defines“Guo tou_(3)”,which means more than a certain degree or limit,as the subjective excess meaning structure.At the diachronic level,this paper focuses on the subjective excess structure“Guo tou_(3)”to construct the syntactic development process of this structure:independent predicate→attributive-centered structure→complement construction.This paper explores the acquisition mechanism of the subjective excess degree meaning of“Guo tou_(3)”:“Guo tou_(3)”achieves the cross-domain projection from the“excess”in the concrete space domain to the time domain,and then to the“excess”in the degree of abstraction domain through metaphor,showing the derivative characteristics from objective to subjective,concrete to abstract,and from precise to ambiguous.

关 键 词：“过头” 主观化 超量 共时描写 历时生成 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]