产业集聚视角下土地财政对城市空间扩张质量的影响研究  

Research on the Impact of Land Finance on the Quality of Urban Spatial Expansion from the Perspective of Industrial Agglomeration

作　　者：莫长炜[1] 林月萍 王燕武[2,3] MO Changwei;LIN Yueping;WANG Yanwu(Xiamen University,361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学经济学院,361005 [2]厦门大学宏观经济研究中心,631005 [3]厦门大学邹至庄经济研究院,361005

出　　处：《财贸经济》2023年第4期21-40,共20页Finance & Trade Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“经济特征变化下的中国减税降费政策组合研究”(20BJY231)。

摘　　要：过去二十多年里,中国城市空间扩张的速度十分迅速。但与此同时,不少城市空间扩张质量不高的问题也显露无遗。既有研究认为土地财政是造成中国城市空间扩张质量较低的主要原因。利用夜间卫星灯光和人口密度数据,本文构建了2005—2013年中国285个城市的空间扩张质量指数,并从产业集聚视角实证检验了土地财政对城市空间扩张质量的影响。研究结果发现:(1)土地财政是否导致城市空间扩张质量下降取决于地区产业集聚水平,产业集聚水平较低时,土地财政将引致城市空间低质量扩张;(2)土地财政对城市空间扩张质量的影响以及产业集聚的调节效应在经济发展水平较低、要素集聚能力较弱、依靠大面积土地出让的城市较为显著。政府尤其要警惕和重视这些地区的土地财政与城市空间低质量扩张问题。而对于经济发展水平较高、要素集聚能力较强的城市,土地财政与城市空间高质量扩张并不矛盾。应理性看待土地财政对城市空间扩张质量的作用,对不同类型的城市,应当加以区别对待。Land finance is the main source of development funds for local governments(especially for those in developing regions)under the existing fiscal system,while urbanization is an important approach to regional economic and social development in the past two decades.But at the same time,due to the rising housing prices,the soaring macro leverage ratio and the deep"bundling"of the real estate industry with economic growth,the existing land finance pattern and urbanization process have also caused great controversy.Among them,low-quality urban spatial expansion is an important issue deserving attention.Previous research suggests that land finance is the main reason for the low quality of urban spatial expansion in China.And the rise of land finance is due to the long-term imbalance in the fiscal and administrative powers between the central and local governments after the tax revenue sharing reform was introduced in 1994,as well as the result of the strategic competition between local governments.Although previous research conclusions and views are useful for understanding the institutional roots of land finance in China and its effect on the quality of urban spatial expansion,there are still some issues to be clarified.First,how land finance resulting in the low quality of urban spatial expansion is doubtable.Based on the development history of different cities in China,land finance does not necessarily lead to low-quality urban spatial expansion.Secondly,the quality of urban spatial expansion needs a clearer,more specific definition.Most of the previous studies discuss urban spatial expansion from the perspective of the coordination degree of land urbanization and population urbanization or of the"urban sprawl."However,due to the different time lags between population inflow and land expansion,it is difficult to measure the quality of urban spatial expansion simply based on whether land urbanization outpaces population urbanization.Finally,the existing index of urban sprawl cannot be directly used to measure the qual

关 键 词：土地财政 产业集聚 城市空间扩张质量指数 夜间卫星灯光 

分 类 号：F121.3[经济管理—世界经济]